SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ
SpringBoot与RabbitMQ集成非常筒単，不需要做任何的额外设置只需要两步即可：
step1：引入相关依赖：spring-boot-starter-amqp
step2：対application.properties迸行配置
生产端核心配置
消费端核心配置
SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ实战
1.首先创建一个Spring Boot工程，这里使用Spring Tool Suite工具，选择导航菜单File --> New --> Spring Starter Project
2.添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
然后复制一份工程，重命名为rabbitmq-springboot-consumer，修改pom相关artifactId，name及description
生产端工程
添加生产端配置
# rabbitmq连接基本配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.0.113:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
# 开启confirm机制
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
# 开启return模式
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
# 配合return机制使用，表示接收路由不可达的消息
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true
创建配置类
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.rxy.springboot.*"})
public class MainConfig {
}
消息的confirm和return机制
publisher-confirms，实现一个监听器用于监听Broker端给我们返回的确认请求：RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback
publisher-returns，保证消息对Broker端是可达的，如果出现路由键不可达的情况，则使用监听器对不可达的消息进行后续的处理，保证消息的路由成功：RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback
注意一点，在发送消息的时候对template进行配置mandatory=true保证监听有效
生产端还可以配置其他属性，比如发送重试，超时时间、次数、间隔等
创建生产端处理类
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class RabbitSender {
//自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
//确认机制
final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
/**
* correlationData: 回调的相关数据，包含了消息ID
* ack: ack结果，true代表ack，false代表nack
* cause: 如果为nack，返回原因，否则为null
*/
@Override
public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
if(!ack){
//做一些补偿机制等
System.err.println("异常处理....");
}
}
};
//返回机制
final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
@Override
public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
String exchange, String routingKey) {
System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: "
+ routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
}
};
//发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息
public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
MessageHeaders messageHeaders = new MessageHeaders(properties);
//注意导包
Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, messageHeaders);
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 ，保证全局唯一 ，这个是实际消息的ID
//在做补偿性机制的时候通过ID来获取到这条消息进行重发
String id = "1234567890";
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData(id);
//exchange, routingKey, object, correlationData
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
}
}
在管控台创建topic交换机exchange-1和队列queue-1，并建立绑定关系为springboot.#
测试方法
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitmqSpringbootProducerApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
}
@Autowired
private RabbitSender rabbitSender;
private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
@Test
public void testSender1() throws Exception {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
properties.put("number", "12345");
properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties);
}
}
运行测试方法，打印如下内容
correlationData: CorrelationData [id=1234567890]
ack: true
将发送消息convertAndSend的routingKey修改为spring.hello，再次运行测试方法，打印如下内容
return exchange: exchange-1, routingKey: spring.abc, replyCode: 312, replyText: NO_ROUTE
correlationData: CorrelationData [id=1234567890]
ack: true
消费端工程
首先配置手工确认模式，用于ACK的手工处理，这样我们可以保证消息的可靠性送达，或者在消费端消费失败的时候可以做到重回队列(不推荐)、根据业务记录日志等处理
可以设置消费端的监听个数和最大个数，用于控制消费端的并发情况
@RabbitMQListener注解
消费端监听@RabbitMQListener注解，这个在实际工作中非常的好用。
@RabbitListener是一个组合注解，里面可以注解配置：
@QueueBinding、@Queue、 @Exchange直接通过这个组合注解一次性搞定消费端交换机、 队列、绑定、路由、并且配置监听功能等
由于类配置写在代码里非常不友好，所以强烈建议大家使用配置文件配置
消费端配置
spring.rabbitmq.addresses=192.168.0.113:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000
# 设置签收模式：AUTO(自动签收)、MANUAL(手工签收)、NONE(不签收，没有任何操作)
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=MANUAL
# 设置当前消费者数量(线程数)
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
# 设置消费者最大并发数量
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10
消费端消息处理类
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rxy.springboot.entity.Order;
@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "queue-1",
durable="true"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1",
durable="true",
type= "topic",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
key = "springboot.*"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
}
前面生产端已经发送了一条消息到queue-1队列，可以再运行发送一条，然后运行消费端工程启动类Application，打印如下
--------------------------------------
消费端Payload: Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!
--------------------------------------
消费端Payload: Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!
其实@RabbitListener会自动声明队列、交换机及绑定关系，可以在管控台删除对应的队列和交换机，然后重新运行进行测试
使用配置方式
将队列、交换机、绑定关系使用配置方式，并且消息体内容使用java对象
首先增加相关的配置
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
另外两个工程都增加实体类Order，注意要发送java对象，必须实现序列化接口
public class Order implements Serializable {
private String id;
private String name;
}
消费类增加Order对象消息的处理方法
@Payload: 接收消息的消息体对象
@Headers: 接收消息的属性
AmqpHeaders: 抽象类，里面包含了消息的常用属性key
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}",
durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}",
type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}",
ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
)
)
@RabbitHandler
public void onOrderMessage(@Payload Order order,
Channel channel,
@Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
//手工ACK
channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
}
生产端发送方法，直接发送java对象
//发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息
public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
//id + 时间戳 全局唯一
CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321");
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
}
生产端测试方法
@Test
public void testSender2() throws Exception {
Order order = new Order("001", "第一个订单");
rabbitSender.sendOrder(order);
}
运行说明
先启动消费端，然后启动生产端
# 生产端打印
correlationData: CorrelationData [id=0987654321]
ack: true
# 消费端打印
--------------------------------------
消费端order: 001
