Python实现发送邮件

SMTP模块发送普通邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

# 发送方邮箱
msg_from = ''
# 授权码
passwd = ''
# 收件人邮箱
msg_to = ['','']  # 收件人邮箱

# 邮件主题
subject = "修改密码"

# 邮件内容
content = '''
点击下方链接修改密码：
<a href="https://www.baidu.com">修改密码</a>
'''

# 实例化（参数：邮件内容，文本格式，编码)
# msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')
# 默认为文本
msg = MIMEText(content)

# 邮件主题
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

# 发件人
msg['From'] = Header("Generalzy", 'utf-8')

# 接收人
msg['To'] = Header("爱吃饺子的西瓜", 'utf-8')

# 通过ssl方式发送，服务器地址，端口
s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com", 465)

try:
    # 登录
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)

    # 发送邮件：发送方，收件方，要发送的消息
    s.sendmail(msg_from, msg_to, msg.as_string())

    print('成功')

except Exception as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    s.quit()

发送html格式邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header

# 发送方邮箱
msg_from = ''
# 授权码
passwd = ''
# 收件人邮箱
msg_to = ['','']  # 收件人邮箱

# 邮件主题
subject = "修改密码"

# 邮件内容
content = '''
点击下方链接修改密码：
<a href="https://www.baidu.com">修改密码</a>
'''

# 实例化（参数：邮件内容，文本格式，编码)
msg = MIMEText(content, 'html', 'utf-8')

# 邮件主题
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')

# 发件人
msg['From'] = Header("Generalzy", 'utf-8')

# 接收人
msg['To'] = Header("爱吃饺子的西瓜", 'utf-8')

# 通过ssl方式发送，服务器地址，端口
s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com", 465)

try:
    # 登录
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)

    # 发送邮件：发送方，收件方，要发送的消息
    s.sendmail(msg_from, msg_to, msg.as_string())

    print('成功')

except Exception as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    s.quit()

发送带附件的邮件（一般不用)

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email import  encoders

msg_from = 'xxxxx@qq.com'  # 发送方邮箱
passwd = '***'				# 授权码
msg_to = ['xxxxx@qq.com']  # 收件人邮箱

subject = "邮件标题" 

# 创建一个带附件的实例
msg = MIMEMultipart()
# 放入邮件主题
msg['Subject'] = subject
msg['From'] = msg_from

# 邮件正文内容
msg.attach(MIMEText('Python 邮件发送测试……', 'plain', 'utf-8'))

# 附件1
att1 = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
# 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
msg.attach(att1)

# 附件2，
with open('test.png', 'rb') as f:
    # 设置附件的MIME和文件名，这里是png类型:
    mime = MIMEBase('image', 'png', filename='test.png')
    # 加上必要的头信息:
    mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
    mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
    mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
    # 把附件的内容读进来:
    mime.set_payload(f.read())
    # 用Base64编码:
    encoders.encode_base64(mime)
    # 添加到MIMEMultipart:
    msg.attach(mime)
    
# 附件3，图片格式
fp = open('test.png', 'rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()
# 定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msg.attach(msgImage)
try:
    # 通过ssl方式发送
    s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL("smtp.qq.com", 465)
    # 登录到邮箱
    s.login(msg_from, passwd)
    # 发送邮件：发送方，收件方，要发送的消息
    s.sendmail(msg_from, msg_to, msg.as_string())
    print('成功')
except s.SMTPException as e:
    print(e)
finally:
    s.quit()

Django发送邮件

1. setting配置

根据django的EmailBackend即可

from django.core.mail.backends.smtp import EmailBackend

class EmailBackend:
    def __init__(self, host=None, port=None, username=None, password=None,
                 use_tls=None, fail_silently=False, use_ssl=None, timeout=None,
                 ssl_keyfile=None, ssl_certfile=None,
                 **kwargs):
        super().__init__(fail_silently=fail_silently)
        self.host = host or settings.EMAIL_HOST
        self.port = port or settings.EMAIL_PORT
        self.username = settings.EMAIL_HOST_USER if username is None else username
        self.password = settings.EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD if password is None else password
        self.use_tls = settings.EMAIL_USE_TLS if use_tls is None else use_tls
        self.use_ssl = settings.EMAIL_USE_SSL if use_ssl is None else use_ssl
        self.timeout = settings.EMAIL_TIMEOUT if timeout is None else timeout
        self.ssl_keyfile = settings.EMAIL_SSL_KEYFILE if ssl_keyfile is None else ssl_keyfile
        self.ssl_certfile = settings.EMAIL_SSL_CERTFILE if ssl_certfile is None else ssl_certfile
        if self.use_ssl and self.use_tls:
            raise ValueError(
                "EMAIL_USE_TLS/EMAIL_USE_SSL are mutually exclusive, so only set "
                "one of those settings to True.")
        self.connection = None
        self._lock = threading.RLock()

# 不配也可以，默认
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.qq.com'

EMAIL_PORT = 465

EMAIL_HOST_USER = '1612613082@qq.com'

EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = '授权码'  # 密码

EMAIL_USE_SSL = True  # 使用ssl
# EMAIL_USE_TLS = False 使用tls
# EMAIL_USE_SSL 和 EMAIL_USE_TLS 是互斥的，即只能有一个为 True

# 配置邮件头基本信息
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = '乾坤it <1612613082@qq.com>'

1. 视图使用

from django.core.mail import send_mail
import threading
from mybbs import settings

html = """
    <p>点击下方链接修改密码</p>
    <a href='https://www.baidu.com'>修改密码</a>
    """
    
send_mail(subject='修改密码', message="点击修改密码", from_email=settings.DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL,
                    recipient_list=['收件人列表'], html_message=html)

1. 一次性发多封邮件

from django.core.mail import send_mass_mail

# message参数与发送单份邮件相同
message1 = ('第一封邮件标题', '这是邮件内容', 'from@example.com', ['first@example.com', 'other@example.com'])
message2 = ('第二封邮件标题', '这是邮件内容', 'from@example.com', ['second@test.com'])

'''
fail_silently: （可选）布尔值。为 False 时， send_mail 会抛出 smtplib.SMTPException 异常。
'''
send_mass_mail((message1, message2), fail_silently=False)
'''
send_mail 每次发邮件都会建立一个连接，发多封邮件时建立多个连接。 
send_mass_mail 是建立单个连接发送多封邮件。
所以一次性发送多封邮件时 send_mass_mail 要优于 send_mail。
'''

各大邮箱smtp服务器及端口

新浪免费邮箱
POP3：pop.sina.com
SMTP：smtp.sina.com
SMTP端口号：25
新浪VIP邮箱
POP3：pop3.vip.sina.com
SMTP：smtp.vip.sina.com
SMTP端口号：25
新浪企业邮箱
POP3：pop.sina.com
SMTP：smtp.sina.com
SMTP端口号：25
雅虎邮箱
POP3：pop.mail.yahoo.cn
SMTP：smtp.mail.yahoo.cn
SMTP端口号：25
搜狐邮箱
POP3：pop3.sohu.com
SMTP：smtp.sohu.com
SMTP端口号：25
TOM邮箱
POP3：pop.tom.com
SMTP：smtp.tom.com
SMTP端口号：25
Gmail邮箱
POP3：pop.gmail.com
SMTP：smtp.gmail.com
SMTP端口号：587 或 25
QQ邮箱
POP3：pop.exmail.qq.com
SMTP：smtp.exmail.qq.com
SMTP端口号：25
263邮箱
域名：263.net
POP3：263.net
SMTP：smtp.263.net
SMTP端口号：25
域名：x263.net
POP3：pop.x263.net
SMTP：smtp.x263.net
SMTP端口号：25
域名：263.net.cn
POP3：263.net.cn
SMTP：263.net.cn
SMTP端口号：25
域名：炫我型
POP3：pop.263xmail.com
SMTP：smtp.263xmail.com
SMTP端口号：25
21CN 免费邮箱
POP3：pop.21cn.com
SMTP：smtp.21cn.com
IMAP：imap.21cn.com
SMTP端口号：25
21CN 经济邮邮箱
POP3：pop.21cn.com
SMTP：smtp.21cn.com
SMTP端口号：25
21CN 商务邮邮箱
POP3：pop.21cn.net
SMTP：smtp.21cn.net
SMTP端口号：25
21CN 快感邮箱
POP3：vip.21cn.com
SMTP：vip.21cn.com
SMTP端口号：25
21CN Y邮箱
POP3：pop.y.vip.21cn.com
SMTP：smtp.y.vip.21cn.com
SMTP端口号：25
中华网任我邮邮箱
POP3：rwpop.china.com
SMTP：rwsmtp.china.com
SMTP端口号：25
中华网时尚、商务邮箱
POP3：pop.china.com
SMTP：smtp.china.com
SMTP端口号：25

qq邮箱配置smtp

开启smtp服务，生成授权码