算法:反转链表&二分查找&时间复杂度、空间复杂度&斐波那契

2023-11-02

学习方法
书:《OutLiers》(异类-不一样的成功启示录)

  • Chunk it up(切碎知识点)
  • Deliberate practicing(刻意练习)
  • Feedback(反馈)

Sorting
Linked List链表
Binary Tree二叉树
Stack 栈(先进后出FILO)数组或链表
Queue队列(先进先出FIFO)
Deque(Double ended queue双端队列)
Hashing
list
spanning tree
Tree
Graph

时间复杂度
空间复杂度
时间复杂度
在这里插入图片描述
O(N):一个for
O(N^2):2个for

1+2+3+···+n
方法1:
y = 0
for i=1 to n:
y=i+y
方法2:有
y = n*(n+1)/2

递归

斐波那契(Fibonacci arry)
F(n) = F(n-1)+F(n-2)

public int fib(int n){
	if(n = 0 | n = 1){
		return n;
	}
	return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2);
}

O(2^N)

Master Theorem(主定律)


查找一维矩阵O(log n),二维是O(N)
排序O(N log N)

数组Array

查找O(1)
insert:O(N)~O(1),平均O(N)
Delete:O(N)~O(1),平均O(N)

链表Linked List

insert:O(1)
Delete:O(1)
单链表:只有next
双链表:有前驱和后继

反转链表(reverse Linked List)

	public class ListNode {
	     int val;
	      ListNode next;
	       ListNode(int x) { val = x; }
 }
class Solution {
    public ListNode reverseList(ListNode head) {
    	ListNode cur = head;
    	ListNode prev = null;
    	while(cur != null){
    		ListNode next = cur.next;
    		cur.next = prev;
    		prev = cur;
    		cur = next;
    	}
    	return prev;
    }
}

二分查找

public int BinarySearch(int[] nums,int target){
	int left = 0;
	int right = nums.length-1;
	int middle;
	while(left <= right){
		middle = (left + right) / 2;
		if(nums[middle] == target){
			return middle
		}else if(nums[middle] > target){
			left = middle+1;
		}else if(nums[middle] < target){
			right = middle-1;
		}
	}
	return -1;
}

两两交换链表中的节点

public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head){
	if(head == null) return null;
	if(head.next == null) return head;
	ListNode temp =head.next;
	head.next = swapPairs(temp.next);
	temp.next = head.next;
	return temp.next;
}
或
 public ListNode swapPairs(ListNode head) {
         ListNode start = new ListNode(0);
         start.next = head;
         ListNode pre = start;
         while(head!=null && head.next!=null){
             pre.next = head.next;
             head.next = pre.next.next;
             pre.next.next = head;
             pre = pre.next.next;
             head = pre.next;
         }
         return start.next; 
    }

环形链表

set判重:O(N)
快指针(走两步)、慢指针(走一步)O(N) 龟兔赛跑

public boolean hasCycle(ListNode head) {
        ListNode fast = head;
        ListNode slow = head;
        while(slow != null && fast != null && fast.next != null){
            slow = slow.next;
            fast = fast.next.next;
            if(slow == fast){
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

通用数据结构操作

括号匹配

利用栈
O(N)
peek( ):查看堆栈顶部的对象
pop( ):移除堆栈顶部的对象

class Solution {
    public boolean isValid(String s) {
        Stack<Character> stack=new Stack<>();
        for (Character c:s.toCharArray()) {
            if (c=='(') stack.push(')');
            else if (c=='[') stack.push(']');
            else if (c=='{') stack.push('}');
            else if (stack.isEmpty()||stack.pop()!=c) return false;
        }
        return stack.isEmpty();
    }
}

232用栈实现队列 225

FIFO=>FILO
利用两个栈:输入栈和输入栈

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