python绘制三维图

作者：桂。

时间：2017-04-27  23:24:55

链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/xingshansi/p/6777945.html 

---

本文仅仅梳理最基本的绘图方法。

一、初始化

假设已经安装了matplotlib工具包。

利用matplotlib.figure.Figure创建一个图框：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

二、直线绘制（Line plots）

基本用法：

ax.plot(x,y,z,label=' ')

code:

import matplotlib as mpl
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mpl.rcParams['legend.fontsize'] = 10

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
theta = np.linspace(-4 * np.pi, 4 * np.pi, 100)
z = np.linspace(-2, 2, 100)
r = z**2 + 1
x = r * np.sin(theta)
y = r * np.cos(theta)
ax.plot(x, y, z, label='parametric curve')
ax.legend()

plt.show()

三、散点绘制（Scatter plots）

基本用法：

ax.scatter(xs, ys, zs, s=20, c=None, depthshade=True, *args, *kwargs)

• xs,ys,zs：输入数据；
• s:scatter点的尺寸
• c:颜色，如c = 'r'就是红色；
• depthshase:透明化，True为透明，默认为True，False为不透明
• *args等为扩展变量，如maker = 'o'，则scatter结果为’o‘的形状

code:

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


def randrange(n, vmin, vmax):
    '''
    Helper function to make an array of random numbers having shape (n, )
    with each number distributed Uniform(vmin, vmax).
    '''
    return (vmax - vmin)*np.random.rand(n) + vmin

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

n = 100

# For each set of style and range settings, plot n random points in the box
# defined by x in [23, 32], y in [0, 100], z in [zlow, zhigh].
for c, m, zlow, zhigh in [('r', 'o', -50, -25), ('b', '^', -30, -5)]:
    xs = randrange(n, 23, 32)
    ys = randrange(n, 0, 100)
    zs =