Response.setContentType(MIME)的作用及参数列表

        Response.setContentType(MIME)的作用是时客户端的浏览器区分不同种类的数据，并根据不同的MIME调用浏览器内不同的程序嵌入模块来处理相应的数据。

 

MIME的作用：

        由于MIME类型与文档的后缀相关，因此服务器使用文档的后缀来区分不同文件的MIME类型，服务器中必须定义文档后缀和MIME类型之间的对应关系。而客户程序从服务器上接收数据的时候，它只是从服务器接受数据流，并不了解文档的名字，因此服务器必须使用附加信息来告诉客户程序数据的MIME类型。服务器在发送真正的数据之前，就要先发送标志数据的MIME类型的信息，这个信息使用Content-type关键字进行定义，例如对于HTML文档，服务器将首先发送以下两行MIME标识信息,这个标识并不是真正的数据文件的一部分。

  Content-type:text/html

注意，第二行为一个空行，这是必须的，使用这个空行的目的是将MIME信息与真正的数据内容分隔开。

 

MIME信息头有：                                                   

       MIME-Version:

       Content-Type:(常用。  该实体头的作用是让服务器告诉浏览器它发送的数据属于什么文件类型。)

       Content-Transfer-Encoding:

       Content-ID:

       Content-Disposition:  (常用。   当Content-Type 的类型为要下载的类型时 , 这个信息头会告诉浏览器这个文件的名字和类型。)

 

一般在Servlet中，我们会首先设置请求以及响应的内容类型和编码方式：

response.setContentType(“text/html;charset=UTF-8”);

response.setCharacterEncoding(“UTF-8”);

 

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类型大全

格式前面为后辍名，后面为对应的MIME型。

{".323", "text/h323" },

{".3gp", "video/3gpp" },

{".aab", "application/x-authoware-bin" },

{".aam", "application/x-authoware-map" },

{".aas", "application/x-authoware-seg" },

{".acx", "application/internet-property-stream" },

{".ai", "application/postscript" },

{".aif", "audio/x-aiff" },

{".aifc", "audio/x-aiff" },

{".aiff", "audio/x-aiff" },

{".als", "audio/X-Alpha5" },

{".amc", "application/x-mpeg" },

{".ani", "application/octet-stream" },

{".apk", "application/vnd.android.package-archive" },

{".asc", "text/plain" },

{".asd", "application/astound" },

{".asf", "video/x-ms-asf" },

{".asn", "application/astound" },

{".asp", "application/x-asap" },

{".asr", "video/x-ms-asf" },

{".asx", "video/x-ms-asf" },

{".au", "audio/basic" },

{".avb", "application/octet-stream" },

{".avi", "video/x-msvideo" },

{".awb", "audio/amr-wb" },

{".axs", "application/olescript" },

{".bas", "text/plain" },

{".bcpio", "application/x-bcpio" },

{ ".bin", "application/octet-stream" },

{".bld", "application/bld" },

{".bld2", "application/bld2" },

{".bmp", "image/bmp" },

{".bpk", "application/octet-stream" },

{".bz2", "application/x-bzip2" },

{".c", "text/plain" },

{".cal", "image/x-cals" },

{".cat", "application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat" },

{".ccn", "application/x-cnc" },

{".cco", "application/x-cocoa" },

{".cdf", "application/x-cdf" },

{".cer", "application/x-x509-ca-cert" },

{".cgi", "magnus-internal/cgi" },

{".chat", "application/x-chat" },

{".class", "application/octet-stream" },

{".clp", "application/x-msclip" },

{".cmx", "image/x-cmx" },

{".co", "application/x-cult3d-object" },

{".cod", "image/cis-cod" },

{".conf", "text/plain" },

{".cpio", "application/x-cpio" },

{".cpp", "text/plain" },

{".cpt", "application/mac-compactpro" },

{".crd", "application/x-mscardfile" },

{".crl", "application/pkix-crl" },

{".crt", "application/x-x509-ca-cert" },

{".csh", "application/x-csh" },

{".csm", "chemical/x-csml" },

{ ".csml","chemical/x-csml" },

{".css", "text/css" },

{".cur", "application/octet-stream" },

{".dcm", "x-lml/x-evm" },

{".dcr", "application/x-director" },

{".dcx", "image/x-dcx" },

{".der", "application/x-x509-ca-cert" },

{".dhtml", "text/html" },

{ ".dir","application/x-director" },

{".dll", "application/x-msdownload" },

{".dmg", "application/octet-stream" },

{".dms", "application/octet-stream" },

{".doc", "application/msword" },

{".docx","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"},

{".dot", "application/msword" },

{".dvi", "application/x-dvi" },

{".dwf", "drawing/x-dwf" },

{".dwg", "application/x-autocad" },

{".dxf", "application/x-autocad" },

{".dxr", "application/x-director" },

{".ebk", "application/x-expandedbook" },

{".emb", "chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" },

{".embl", "chemical/x-embl-dl-nucleotide" },

{".eps", "application/postscript" },

{".epub", "application/epub+zip" },

{".eri", "image/x-eri" },

{".es", "audio/echospeech" },

{".esl", "audio/echospeech" },

{".etc", "application/x-earthtime" },

{".etx", "text/x-setext" },

{".evm", "x-lml/x-evm" },

{".evy", "application/envoy" },

{".exe", "application/octet-stream" },

{".fh4", "image/x-freehand" },

{".fh5", "image/x-freehand" },

{".fhc", "image/x-freehand" },

{".fif", "application/fractals" },

{".flr", "x-world/x-vrml" },

{".flv", "flv-application/octet-stream" },

{".fm", "application/x-maker" },

{".fpx", "image/x-fpx" },

{".fvi", "video/isivideo" },

{".gau", "chemical/x-gaussian-input" },

{".gca", "application/x-gca-compressed" },

{".gdb", "x-lml/x-gdb" },

{".gif", "image/gif" },

{".gps", "application/x-gps" },

{".gtar", "application/x-gtar" },

{".gz", "application/x-gzip" },

{".h", "text/plain" },

{".hdf", "application/x-hdf" },

{".hdm", "text/x-hdml" },

{".hdml", "text/x-hdml" },

{".hlp", "application/winhlp" },

{".hqx", "application/mac-binhex40" },

{".hta", "application/hta" },

{".htc", "text/x-component" },

{".htm", "text/html" },

{".html", "text/html" },

{ ".hts","text/html" },

{".htt", "text/webviewhtml" },

{".ice", "x-conference/x-cooltalk" },

{".ico", "image/x-icon" },

{".ief", "image/ief" },

{".ifm", "image/gif" },

{".ifs", "image/ifs" },

{".iii", "application/x-iphone" },

{".imy", "audio/melody" },

{".ins", "application/x-internet-signup" },

{".ips", "application/x-ipscript" },

{".ipx", "application/x-ipix" },

{".isp", "application/x-internet-signup" },

{".it", "audio/x-mod" },

{".itz", "audio/x-mod" },

{".ivr", "i-world/i-vrml" },

{".j2k", "image/j2k" },

{".jad", "text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor" },

{".jam", "application/x-jam" },

{".jar", "application/java-archive" },

{".java", "text/plain" },

{".jfif", "image/pipeg" },

{".jnlp", "application/x-java-jnlp-file" },

{".jpe", "image/jpeg" },

{".jpeg", "image/jpeg" },

{".jpg", "image/jpeg" },

{".jpz", "image/jpeg" },

{".js", "application/x-javascript" },

{".jwc", "application/jwc" },

{".kjx", "application/x-kjx" },

{".lak", "x-lml/x-lak" },

{".latex", "application/x-latex" },

{ ".lcc","application/fastman" },

{".lcl", "application/x-digitalloca" },

{".lcr", "application/x-digitalloca" },

{".lgh", "application/lgh" },

{".lha", "application/octet-stream" },

{".lml", "x-lml/x-lml" },

{".lmlpack", "x-lml/x-lmlpack" },

{".log", "text/plain" },

{".lsf", "video/x-la-asf" },

{".lsx", "video/x-la-asf" },

{".lzh", "application/octet-stream" },

{".m13", "application/x-msmediaview" },

{".m14", "application/x-msmediaview" },

{".m15", "audio/x-mod" },

{".m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl" },

{".m3url", "audio/x-mpegurl" },

{".m4a", "audio/mp4a-latm" },

{".m4b", "audio/mp4a-latm" },

{".m4p", "audio/mp4a-latm" },

{".m4u", "video/vnd.mpegurl" },

{".m4v", "video/x-m4v" },

{".ma1", "audio/ma1" },

{".ma2", "audio/ma2" },

{".ma3", "audio/ma3" },

{".ma5", "audio/ma5" },

{".man", "application/x-troff-man" },

{".map", "magnus-internal/imagemap" },

{".mbd", "application/mbedlet" },

{".mct", "application/x-mascot" },

{".mdb", "application/x-msaccess" },

{".mdz", "audio/x-mod" },

{".me", "application/x-troff-me" },

{".mel", "text/x-vmel" },

{".mht", "message/rfc822" },

{".mhtml", "message/rfc822" },

{".mi", "application/x-mif" },

{".mid", "audio/mid" },

{".midi", "audio/midi" },

{".mif", "application/x-mif" },

{".mil", "image/x-cals" },

{".mio", "audio/x-mio" },

{".mmf", "application/x-skt-lbs" },

{".mng", "video/x-mng" },

{".mny", "application/x-msmoney" },

{".moc", "application/x-mocha" },

{".mocha", "application/x-mocha" },

{".mod", "audio/x-mod" },

{".mof", "application/x-yumekara" },

{".mol", "chemical/x-mdl-molfile" },

{".mop", "chemical/x-mopac-input" },

{".mov", "video/quicktime" },

{".movie", "video/x-sgi-movie" },

{".mp2", "video/mpeg" },

{".mp3", "audio/mpeg" },

{".mp4", "video/mp4" },

{".mpa", "video/mpeg" },

{".mpc", "application/vnd.mpohun.certificate" },

{".mpe", "video/mpeg" },

{".mpeg", "video/mpeg" },

{".mpg", "video/mpeg" },

{".mpg4", "video/mp4" },

{".mpga", "audio/mpeg" },

{".mpn", "application/vnd.mophun.application" },

{".mpp", "application/vnd.ms-project" },

{".mps", "application/x-mapserver" },

{".mpv2", "video/mpeg" },

{".mrl", "text/x-mrml" },

{".mrm", "application/x-mrm" },

{".ms", "application/x-troff-ms" },

{".msg", "application/vnd.ms-outlook" },

{".mts", "application/metastream" },

{".mtx", "application/metastream" },

{".mtz", "application/metastream" },

{".mvb", "application/x-msmediaview" },

{".mzv", "application/metastream" },

{".nar", "application/zip" },

{".nbmp", "image/nbmp" },

{".nc", "application/x-netcdf" },

{ ".ndb","x-lml/x-ndb" },

{".ndwn", "application/ndwn" },

{".nif", "application/x-nif" },

{".nmz", "application/x-scream" },

{".nokia-op-logo", "image/vnd.nok-oplogo-color" },

{".npx", "application/x-netfpx" },

{".nsnd", "audio/nsnd" },

{".nva", "application/x-neva1" },

{".nws", "message/rfc822" },

{".oda", "application/oda" },

{".ogg", "audio/ogg" },

{".oom", "application/x-AtlasMate-Plugin" },

{".p10", "application/pkcs10" },

{".p12", "application/x-pkcs12" },

{".p7b", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates" },

{".p7c", "application/x-pkcs7-mime" },

{".p7m", "application/x-pkcs7-mime" },

{".p7r", "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp" },

{".p7s", "application/x-pkcs7-signature" },

{".pac", "audio/x-pac" },

{".pae", "audio/x-epac" },

{".pan", "application/x-pan" },

{".pbm", "image/x-portable-bitmap" },

{".pcx", "image/x-pcx" },

{".pda", "image/x-pda" },

{".pdb", "chemical/x-pdb" },

{".pdf", "application/pdf" },

{".pfr", "application/font-tdpfr" },

{".pfx", "application/x-pkcs12" },

{".pgm", "image/x-portable-graymap" },

{".pict", "image/x-pict" },

{".pko", "application/ynd.ms-pkipko" },

{".pm", "application/x-perl" },

{".pma", "application/x-perfmon" },

{".pmc", "application/x-perfmon" },

{".pmd", "application/x-pmd" },

{".pml", "application/x-perfmon" },

{".pmr", "application/x-perfmon" },

{".pmw", "application/x-perfmon" },

{".png", "image/png" },

{".pnm", "image/x-portable-anymap" },

{".pnz", "image/png" },

{".pot,", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" },

{".ppm", "image/x-portable-pixmap" },

{".pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" },

{".ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint" },

{".pptx","application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"},

{".pqf", "application/x-cprplayer" },

{".pqi", "application/cprplayer" },

{".prc", "application/x-prc" },

{".prf", "application/pics-rules" },

{".prop", "text/plain" },

{".proxy", "application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig" },

{".ps", "application/postscript" },

{".ptlk", "application/listenup" },

{".pub", "application/x-mspublisher" },

{".pvx", "video/x-pv-pvx" },

{".qcp", "audio/vnd.qcelp" },

{".qt", "video/quicktime" },

{".qti", "image/x-quicktime" },

{".qtif", "image/x-quicktime" },

{".r3t", "text/vnd.rn-realtext3d" },

{".ra", "audio/x-pn-realaudio" },

{ ".ram","audio/x-pn-realaudio" },

{".rar", "application/octet-stream" },

{".ras", "image/x-cmu-raster" },

{".rc", "text/plain" },

{".rdf", "application/rdf+xml" },

{".rf", "image/vnd.rn-realflash" },

{".rgb", "image/x-rgb" },

{".rlf", "application/x-richlink" },

{".rm", "audio/x-pn-realaudio" },

{".rmf", "audio/x-rmf" },

{".rmi", "audio/mid" },

{".rmm", "audio/x-pn-realaudio" },

{".rmvb", "audio/x-pn-realaudio" },

{".rnx", "application/vnd.rn-realplayer" },

{".roff", "application/x-troff" },

{ ".rp","image/vnd.rn-realpix" },

{".rpm", "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin" },

{".rt", "text/vnd.rn-realtext" },

{".rte", "x-lml/x-gps" },

{".rtf", "application/rtf" },

{".rtg", "application/metastream" },

{".rtx", "text/richtext" },

{".rv", "video/vnd.rn-realvideo" },

{".rwc", "application/x-rogerwilco" },

{".s3m", "audio/x-mod" },

{".s3z", "audio/x-mod" },

{".sca", "application/x-supercard" },

{".scd", "application/x-msschedule" },

{".sct", "text/scriptlet" },

{".sdf", "application/e-score" },

{".sea", "application/x-stuffit" },

{".setpay", "application/set-payment-initiation" },

{".setreg", "application/set-registration-initiation" },

{".sgm", "text/x-sgml" },

{".sgml", "text/x-sgml" },

{".sh", "application/x-sh" },

{".shar", "application/x-shar" },

{".shtml", "magnus-internal/parsed-html" },

{".shw", "application/presentations" },

{".si6", "image/si6" },

{".si7", "image/vnd.stiwap.sis" },

{".si9", "image/vnd.lgtwap.sis" },

{".sis", "application/vnd.symbian.install" },

{".sit", "application/x-stuffit" },

{".skd", "application/x-Koan" },

{".skm", "application/x-Koan" },

{".skp", "application/x-Koan" },

{".skt", "application/x-Koan" },

{".slc", "application/x-salsa" },

{".smd", "audio/x-smd" },

{".smi", "application/smil" },

{ ".smil","application/smil" },

{".smp", "application/studiom" },

{".smz", "audio/x-smd" },

{".snd", "audio/basic" },

{".spc", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates" },

{".spl", "application/futuresplash" },

{".spr", "application/x-sprite" },

{".sprite", "application/x-sprite" },

{".sdp", "application/sdp" },

{".spt", "application/x-spt" },

{".src", "application/x-wais-source" },

{".sst", "application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore" },

{".stk", "application/hyperstudio" },

{".stl", "application/vnd.ms-pkistl" },

{".stm", "text/html" },

{".svg", "image/svg+xml" },

{".sv4cpio", "application/x-sv4cpio" },

{".sv4crc", "application/x-sv4crc" },

{".svf", "image/vnd" },

{".svg", "image/svg+xml" },

{".svh", "image/svh" },

{".svr", "x-world/x-svr" },

{".swf", "application/x-shockwave-flash" },

{".swfl", "application/x-shockwave-flash" },

{".t", "application/x-troff" },

{".tad", "application/octet-stream" },

{".talk", "text/x-speech" },

{".tar", "application/x-tar" },

{".taz", "application/x-tar" },

{".tbp", "application/x-timbuktu" },

{".tbt", "application/x-timbuktu" },

{".tcl", "application/x-tcl" },

{".tex", "application/x-tex" },

{".texi", "application/x-texinfo" },

{".texinfo", "application/x-texinfo" },

{".tgz", "application/x-compressed" },

{ ".thm","application/vnd.eri.thm" },

{".tif", "image/tiff" },

{".tiff", "image/tiff" },

{".tki", "application/x-tkined" },

{".tkined", "application/x-tkined" },

{".toc", "application/toc" },

{".toy", "image/toy" },

{".tr", "application/x-troff" },

{ ".trk","x-lml/x-gps" },

{".trm", "application/x-msterminal" },

{".tsi", "audio/tsplayer" },

{".tsp", "application/dsptype" },

{".tsv", "text/tab-separated-values" },

{".ttf", "application/octet-stream" },

{".ttz", "application/t-time" },

{".txt", "text/plain" },

{".uls", "text/iuls" },

{".ult", "audio/x-mod" },

{".ustar", "application/x-ustar" },

{".uu", "application/x-uuencode" },

{".uue", "application/x-uuencode" },

{".vcd", "application/x-cdlink" },

{".vcf", "text/x-vcard" },

{".vdo", "video/vdo" },

{".vib", "audio/vib" },

{".viv", "video/vivo" },

{".vivo", "video/vivo" },

{".vmd", "application/vocaltec-media-desc" },

{".vmf", "application/vocaltec-media-file" },

{".vmi", "application/x-dreamcast-vms-info" },

{".vms", "application/x-dreamcast-vms" },

{".vox", "audio/voxware" },

{".vqe", "audio/x-twinvq-plugin" },

{".vqf", "audio/x-twinvq" },

{".vql", "audio/x-twinvq" },

{".vre", "x-world/x-vream" },

{".vrml", "x-world/x-vrml" },

{".vrt", "x-world/x-vrt" },

{".vrw", "x-world/x-vream" },

{".vts", "workbook/formulaone" },

{".wav", "audio/x-wav" },

{".wax", "audio/x-ms-wax" },

{".wbmp", "image/vnd.wap.wbmp" },

{".wcm", "application/vnd.ms-works" },

{".wdb", "application/vnd.ms-works" },

{".web", "application/vnd.xara" },

{ ".wi","image/wavelet" },

{".wis", "application/x-InstallShield" },

{".wks", "application/vnd.ms-works" },

{".wm", "video/x-ms-wm" },

{".wma", "audio/x-ms-wma" },

{".wmd", "application/x-ms-wmd" },

{".wmf", "application/x-msmetafile" },

{".wml", "text/vnd.wap.wml" },

{".wmlc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlc" },

{".wmls", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript" },

{".wmlsc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc" },

{".wmlscript", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript" },

{".wmv", "audio/x-ms-wmv" },

{".wmx", "video/x-ms-wmx" },

{ ".wmz","application/x-ms-wmz" },

{".wpng", "image/x-up-wpng" },

{".wps", "application/vnd.ms-works" },

{".wpt", "x-lml/x-gps" },

{".wri", "application/x-mswrite" },

{".wrl", "x-world/x-vrml" },

{".wrz", "x-world/x-vrml" },

{".ws", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript" },

{".wsc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc" },

{".wv", "video/wavelet" },

{".wvx", "video/x-ms-wvx" },

{".wxl", "application/x-wxl" },

{".x-gzip", "application/x-gzip" },

{".xaf", "x-world/x-vrml" },

{".xar", "application/vnd.xara" },

{".xbm", "image/x-xbitmap" },

{".xdm", "application/x-xdma" },

{".xdma", "application/x-xdma" },

{".xdw", "application/vnd.fujixerox.docuworks" },

{".xht", "application/xhtml+xml" },

{".xhtm", "application/xhtml+xml" },

{".xhtml", "application/xhtml+xml" },

{".xla", "application/vnd.ms-excel" },

{".xlc", "application/vnd.ms-excel" },

{".xll", "application/x-excel" },

{".xlm", "application/vnd.ms-excel" },

{".xls", "application/vnd.ms-excel" },

{".xlsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"},

{".xlt", "application/vnd.ms-excel" },

{".xlw", "application/vnd.ms-excel" },

{".xm", "audio/x-mod" },

{".xml","text/plain"},

{".xml","application/xml"},^[1] 

{".xmz", "audio/x-mod" },

{".xof", "x-world/x-vrml" },

{".xpi", "application/x-xpinstall" },

{".xpm", "image/x-xpixmap" },

{".xsit", "text/xml" },

{".xsl", "text/xml" },

{".xul", "text/xul" },

{".xwd", "image/x-xwindowdump" },

{".xyz", "chemical/x-pdb" },

{".yz1", "application/x-yz1" },

{".z", "application/x-compress" },^[1] 

{".zac", "application/x-zaurus-zac" },

{".zip", "application/zip" },

{".json", "application/json" },

 

另：Tomcat的安装目录\conf\web.xml 中定义了大量的MIME类型，可以查看和参考。

<mime-mapping>

       <extension>xls</extension>

       <mime-type>application/vnd.ms-excel</mime-type>

 </mime-mapping>

        （对应的是后缀为 .xls 的Excel文件）

打不开文件或者给出警告：

一是使用一个应用程序去打开它不能打开的文档，比如用在标签中定义“DWG”文档用 “application/pdf ”，就会出现无法打开的问题。

二是文件扩展名符合要求，但文件内容（格式）不符合要求。你可以检查你浏览的网页源代码，获得出错信息。检查方法是：查看— 源文件。寻找类似于“application/pdf “的字符串，就可以看到，要打开的文件是否与应用程序匹配。

三是查看Tomcat的安装目录\conf\web.xml 中定义的MIME类型扩展名和类型是否匹配。