[root@localhost bird_bro]# touch chgrp_test.t
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
[root@localhost bird_bro]# exit
exit
[kingarthur@localhost ~]$ touch chgrp_usergroup_test.t
[kingarthur@localhost ~]$ ls -l
total 240
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 3 kingarthur kingarthur 19 Mar 22 15:10 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Downloads
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Public
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 57761 Jul 10 2019 README
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 57761 Jul 10 2019 README.1
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 57761 Jul 10 2019 README.2
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 57761 Jul 10 2019 README.3
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Templates
drwxrwxr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 19 07:31 test_tty1
drwxr-xr-x. 2 kingarthur kingarthur 6 Mar 18 14:28 Videos
#用户kingarthur 不能将kingarthur用户的文件移动到用户root创建的目录下
[kingarthur@localhost ~]$ mv ./chgrp_usergroup_test.t ./Documents/Linux/bird_bro/
mv: cannot move ‘./chgrp_usergroup_test.t’ to ‘./Documents/Linux/bird_bro/chgrp_usergroup_test.t’: Permission denied
[kingarthur@localhost ~]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost kingarthur]# ls
chgrp_usergroup_test.t Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public README README.1 README.2 README.3 Templates test_tty1 Videos
[root@localhost kingarthur]# mv ./chgrp_usergroup_test.t ./Documents/Linux/bird_bro/
[root@localhost kingarthur]# ls
Desktop Documents Downloads Music Pictures Public README README.1 README.2 README.3 Templates test_tty1 Videos
[root@localhost kingarthur]# cd ./Documents/Linux/bird_bro/
#切换至用户root后成功 mv 文件
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls
chgrp_test.t chgrp_usergroup_test.t
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 Mar 22 15:17 .
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 22 Mar 22 15:10 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#改变文件组信息 kingarthur -- >group
[root@localhost bird_bro]# chgrp root chgrp_usergroup_test.t
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 Mar 22 15:17 .
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 22 Mar 22 15:10 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur root 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#改变文件组信息 root --> kingarthur
[root@localhost bird_bro]# chgrp kingarthur chgrp_usergroup_test.t
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -la
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 56 Mar 22 15:17 .
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 22 Mar 22 15:10 ..
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#当组信息不在/etc/group 中时,报错
[root@localhost bird_bro]# chgrp test chgrp_test.t
chgrp: invalid group: ‘test’
[root@localhost bird_bro]# su root
[root@localhost bird_bro]# su kingarthur
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ su root
Password:
#查看sudoers用户
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -la /etc/sudoers
-r--r-----. 1 root root 4328 Oct 30 2018 /etc/sudoers
#查看编辑sudoers列表,追加 kingarthur
[root@localhost bird_bro]# vi /etc/sudoers
#文件增加 w 权限
[root@localhost bird_bro]# chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -l /etc/sudoers
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 4328 Oct 30 2018 /etc/sudoers
[root@localhost bird_bro]# vi /etc/sudoers
#取消 x 权限
[root@localhost bird_bro]# chmod u-x /etc/sudoers
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -l /etc/sudoers
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 4353 Mar 22 15:42 /etc/sudoers
#取消 w 权限
[root@localhost bird_bro]# chmod u-w /etc/sudoers
[root@localhost bird_bro]# ls -l /etc/sudoers
-r--r-----. 1 root root 4353 Mar 22 15:42 /etc/sudoers
#切换用户至 kingarthur
[root@localhost bird_bro]# su kingarthur
#切换用户至root
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ su root
Password:
[root@localhost bird_bro]# su kingarthur
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#复制 root 用户文件至当前路径下,文件名 *1.t
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ cp ./chgrp_test.t ./chgrp_test1.t
cp: cannot create regular file ‘./chgrp_test1.t’: Permission denied
# sudo 权限
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ sudo cp ./chgrp_test.t ./chgrp_test1.t
[sudo] password for kingarthur:
#用户 kingarthur 成功复制 root 用户文件内容为新文件
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:45 chgrp_test1.t
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ pwd
/home/kingarthur/Documents/Linux/bird_bro
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:45 chgrp_test1.t
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#更改文件所属用户及用户组, chown user file 将只更改文件所有者,
#指令 chown user:group file 将同时更改文件所有者及所属群组
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ chown kingarthur:root chgrp_test.t
chown: changing ownership of ‘chgrp_test.t’: Operation not permitted
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ sudo chown kingarthur:root chgrp_test.t
[sudo] password for kingarthur:
#文件所有者 root 被更改为 kingarthhur, 用户组 root 更改为 root
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:45 chgrp_test1.t
-rw-r--r--. 1 kingarthur root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 kingarthur kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ chown root:kingarthur chgrp_usergroup_test.t
chown: changing ownership of ‘chgrp_usergroup_test.t’: Operation not permitted
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ sudo chown root:kingarthur chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#更改文件所有者 kingarthur 为 root , 用户组 kingarthur 更改为 kingarthur
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ ls -l
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Mar 22 15:45 chgrp_test1.t
-rw-r--r--. 1 kingarthur root 0 Mar 22 15:11 chgrp_test.t
-rw-rw-r--. 1 root kingarthur 0 Mar 22 15:12 chgrp_usergroup_test.t
#登录用户及系统登录口令
#cut -d : -f 1 仅查看用户名列, -d 后接分割字符,与 -f 连用,一句 -d 后的分割字符将一段文字
#分成数段,用 -f 取出第几段
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ cut -d : -f 1 /etc/passwd
root
bin
apache
tcpdump
kingarthur
#查看当前用户所在群组及该群组成员
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ groups
kingarthur
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ groups kingarthur
kingarthur : kingarthur
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ groups root
root : root
#添加新群组
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ sudo groupadd test_group
#显示当前用户所在group
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ groups
kingarthur
#查看group信息
[kingarthur@localhost bird_bro]$ cut -d : -f 1 /etc/group
root
bin
daemon
sys
adm
kingarthur
test_group