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PWM is used in all sorts of power control and converter circuits. Some common examples include motor control, DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters and lamp dimmers. There are numerous PWM controllers available that make the use and application of PWM quite easy. One of the most popular of such controllers is the versatile and ubiquitous SG3525 produced by multiple manufacturers – ST Microelectronics, Fairchild Semiconductors, On Semiconductors, to name a few.
SG3525 is used extensively in DC-DC converters, DC-AC inverters, home UPS systems, solar inverters, power supplies, battery chargers and numerous other applications. With proper understanding, you can soon start using SG3525 yourself in such applications or any other application really that demands PWM control.
Before going on to the description and application, let’s first take a look at the block diagram and the pin layout.
Pins 1 (Inverting Input) and 2 (Non Inverting Input) are the inputs to the on-board error amplifier. If you are wondering what that is, you can think of it as a comparator that controls the increase or decrease of the duty cycle for the “feedback” that you associate with Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
This functions either to increase or decrease the duty cycle depending on the voltage levels on the Inverting and Non-Inverting Inputs – pins 1 and 2 respectively.
When voltage on the Inverting Input (pin 1) is greater than voltage on the Non-Inverting Input (pin 2), duty cycle is decreased.
When voltage on the Non-Inverting Input (pin 2) is greater than voltage on the Inverting Input (pin 1), duty cycle is increased.
The frequency of PWM is dependent on the timing capacitance and the timing resistance. The timing capacitor (CT) is connected between pin 5 and ground. The timing resistor (RT) is con
