今天我们将研究一个非常方便的工具 json-server，它可以在一分钟内为您提供一个模拟的 Rest json 服务器。在常规企业应用程序中，您需要与许多团队和第三方 API 合作。想象一下您必须致电第三方宁静的网络服务这将使您能够处理 JSON 数据。你的日程安排很紧，所以你迫不及待地等着他们完成他们的工作然后开始你自己的工作。如果您希望有一个模型 Rest Web 服务来为您获取演示数据，那么json-服务器是您正在寻找的工具。
JSON Server is a Node Module that you can use to create demo rest json webservice in less than a minute. All you need is a JSON file for sample data.
您的计算机上应该安装了 NPM。如果没有，请参考这篇文章安装NPM。下面显示了要安装的单行命令json-server在我的机器上有输出。
$ npm install -g json-server
npm WARN deprecated graceful-fs@3.0.8: graceful-fs v3.0.0 and before will fail on node releases >= v7.0. Please update to graceful-fs@^4.0.0 as soon as possible. Use 'npm ls graceful-fs' to find it in the tree.
/usr/local/bin/json-server -> /usr/local/lib/node_modules/json-server/bin/index.js
- bytes@2.3.0 node_modules/json-server/node_modules/raw-body/node_modules/bytes
/usr/local/lib
└─┬ json-server@0.8.10
├─┬ body-parser@1.15.1
│ └── bytes@2.3.0
├─┬ compression@1.6.1
│ └── bytes@2.2.0
├─┬ lowdb@0.10.3
│ └─┬ steno@0.4.4
│ └── graceful-fs@4.1.4
├─┬ update-notifier@0.5.0
│ └─┬ configstore@1.4.0
│ ├── graceful-fs@4.1.4
│ └─┬ write-file-atomic@1.1.4
│ └── graceful-fs@4.1.4
└─┬ yargs@4.7.0
├─┬ pkg-conf@1.1.2
│ └─┬ load-json-file@1.1.0
│ └── graceful-fs@4.1.4
└─┬ read-pkg-up@1.0.1
└─┬ read-pkg@1.1.0
└─┬ path-type@1.1.0
└── graceful-fs@4.1.4
$
$ json-server -v
0.8.10
$ json-server -help
/usr/local/bin/json-server [options] <source>
Options:
--config, -c Path to config file [default: "json-server.json"]
--port, -p Set port [default: 3000]
--host, -H Set host [default: "0.0.0.0"]
--watch, -w Watch file(s) [boolean]
--routes, -r Path to routes file
--static, -s Set static files directory
--read-only, --ro Allow only GET requests [boolean]
--no-cors, --nc Disable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing [boolean]
--no-gzip, --ng Disable GZIP Content-Encoding [boolean]
--snapshots, -S Set snapshots directory [default: "."]
--delay, -d Add delay to responses (ms)
--id, -i Set database id property (e.g. _id) [default: "id"]
--quiet, -q Suppress log messages from output [boolean]
$
现在是时候启动我们的 json 服务器了。下面是包含我的员工 json 数据的示例文件。
{
"employees": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
},
{
"name": "David",
"salary": "5000",
"id": 2
}
]
}
这里重要的一点是数组的名称，即员工。 JSON 服务器将基于此创建 REST API。让我们用上面的文件启动我们的 json-server。
$ json-server --watch db.json
\{^_^}/ hi!
Loading db.json
Done
Resources
https://localhost:3000/employees
Home
https://localhost:3000
Type s + enter at any time to create a snapshot of the database
Watching...
不要关闭这个终端，否则它会杀死 json-server。以下是 CRUD 请求和响应示例。
$ curl -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:3000/employees"
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
},
{
"name": "David",
"salary": "5000",
"id": 2
}
]
$
$ curl -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:3000/employees/1"
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
}
$
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Lisa","salary": "2000"}' "https://localhost:3000/employees"
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 2000,
"id": 3
}
$
$ curl -XPUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Lisa", "salary": "8000"}' "https://localhost:3000/employees/3"
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 8000,
"id": 3
}
$
$ curl -X DELETE -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:3000/employees/2"
{}
$ curl -GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:3000/employees"
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
},
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 8000,
"id": 3
}
]
$
正如您所看到的，通过一个简单的 JSON，json-server 创建了演示 API 供我们使用。请注意，所有 PUT、POST、DELETE 请求都会保存到db.json文件。现在 GET 和 DELETE 的 URI 是相同的，同样 POST 和 PUT 请求的 URI 是相同的。好吧，我们也可以使用简单的映射文件创建自定义 URI。
创建一个包含自定义路由的文件供我们的 json 服务器使用。routes.json
{
"/employees/list": "/employees",
"/employees/get/:id": "/employees/:id",
"/employees/create": "/employees",
"/employees/update/:id": "/employees/:id",
"/employees/delete/:id": "/employees/:id"
}
我们还可以更改 json-server 端口并像第三方 API 一样进行模拟，只需在真正的服务准备就绪时更改基本 URL 即可。现在再次启动 JSON 服务器，如下所示。
$ json-server --port 7000 --routes routes.json --watch db.json
(node:60899) fs: re-evaluating native module sources is not supported. If you are using the graceful-fs module, please update it to a more recent version.
\{^_^}/ hi!
Loading db.json
Loading routes.json
Done
Resources
https://localhost:7000/employees
Other routes
/employees/list -> /employees
/employees/get/:id -> /employees/:id
/employees/create -> /employees
/employees/update/:id -> /employees/:id
/employees/delete/:id -> /employees/:id
Home
https://localhost:7000
Type s + enter at any time to create a snapshot of the database
Watching...
它显示了我们定义的自定义路由。
以下是一些命令及其带有自定义路由的输出的示例。
$ curl -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:7000/employees/list"
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
},
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 8000,
"id": 3
}
]
$ curl -X GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:7000/employees/get/1"
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
}
$ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Lisa","salary": "2000"}' "https://localhost:7000/employees/create"
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 2000,
"id": 4
}
$ curl -XPUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"name": "Lisa", "salary": "8000"}' "https://localhost:7000/emloyees/update/4"
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 8000,
"id": 4
}
$ curl -XDELETE -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:7000/employees/delete/4"
{}
$ curl -GET -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://localhost:7000/employees/list"
[
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Pankaj",
"salary": "10000"
},
{
"name": "Lisa",
"salary": 8000,
"id": 3
}
]
$
JSON 服务器提供了一些其他有用的选项，例如排序、搜索和分页。这就是 json-server 的全部内容，每当我需要创建演示 Rest JSON API 时，它就是我的首选工具。参考: json-服务器 GitHub