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毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系别计算机信息与技术系专业计算机科学与技术班级姓名学号外文出处附件1.原文;2.putingMainarticle:puter"wasrecordedin1613,referringtoapersonwhocarriedoutcalculations,putations,andthewordcontinuedwiththesamemeaninguntilthemiddleofthe20thcentury.Fromtheendofthe19thcenturythewordbegantotakeonitsmorefamiliarmeaning,putations.Limited-putersTheJacquardloom,ondisplayattheMuseumofScienceandIndustryinManchester,England,wasoneofthefirstprogrammabledevices.puterbeginswithtwoseparatetechnologies,automatedcalculationandprogrammability,puter,partlybecauseoftheinconsistentapplicationofthatterm.Afewdevicesareworthmentioningthough,puting,alculator,liketheSumerianabacus,petitionagainstamoderndeskcalculatingmachineinJapanin1946,thesliderules,inventedinthe1620s,whichwerecarriedonfiveApollospacemissions,includingtothemoonandarguablytheastrolabeandtheAntikytheramechanism,puterbuiltbytheGreeksaround80BC.TheGreekmathematicianHeroofAlexandria(c.10–70AD)plexsystemofropesanddrumsthatmightbeconsideredtobeameansofdecidingwhichpartsofthemechanismperformedwhichactionsandwhen.Thisistheessenceofprogrammability.Aroundtheendofthe10thcentury,theFrenchmonkGerbertd'AurillacbroughtbackfromSpainthedrawingsofamachineinventedbytheMoorsthatansweredeitherYesorNotothequestionsitwasasked.Againinthe13thcentury,themonksAlbertusMagnusandRogerBaconbuilttalkingandroidswithoutanyfurtherdevelopment.In1642,theRenaissancesawtheinventionofthemechanicalcalculator,adevicethatcouldperformallfourarithmeticoperationswithoutrelyingonhumanintelligence.putersintwoseparateways.Initially,puterwasfirsttheorizedbyCharlesBabbageandthendeveloped.Secondly,developmentofalow-alculator,essortothemechanicalcalculator,merciallyavailablemicroprocessorintegratedcircuit.Firstgeneral-putersIn1801,JosephMarieJacquardmadeanimprovementtothetextileloombyintroducingaseriesofpunchedpapercardsasatemplatewhichallowedhisloomtoweaveintricatepatternsautomatically.putersbecausetheuseofpunchedcardstodefinewovenpatternscanbeviewedasanearly,albeitlimited,formofprogrammability.In1837,p
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