测试立即失败，并出现未知错误：通过 systemd 运行 Selenium 网格时，DevToolsActivePort 文件不存在

2023-11-21

我一直在尝试改变从 shell 脚本启动 Selenium 网格服务的方式.rclocal to a systemd服务，但不起作用。脚本是这样的：

#!/bin/bash
java -jar /opt/selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig hubconfig.json
xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0 2048x1536x24" java -jar /opt/selenium-server-standalone.jar -role 
node -nodeConfig nodeconfig.json

我创建了两个不同的服务，如下所示：

（Stackoverflow 不允许我放置服务的内容，因为它说它的格式不正确）

服务正在正确启动：

selenium-hub

● selenium-hub.service - Selenium service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/selenium-hub.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-10-01 15:53:10 UTC; 2min 41s ago
 Main PID: 23803 (java)
   CGroup: /system.slice/selenium-hub.service
           └─23803 /bin/java -jar /opt/selenium-server-standalone.jar -role hub -hubConfig /home/selenium/hubconfig.json

Oct 01 15:53:12 vm java[23803]: 15:53:12.163 INFO - Selenium build info: version: '3.9.1', revision: '63f7b50'
Oct 01 15:53:12 vm java[23803]: 15:53:12.164 INFO - Launching Selenium Grid hub on port 4444
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.384:INFO::main: Logging initialized @2790ms to org.seleniumhq.jetty9.util.log.StdErrLog
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.492:INFO:osjs.Server:main: jetty-9.4.7.v20170914, build timestamp: 2017-11-21T21:27:37Z, git hash: 82b8fb23f757335bb3329d540ce37a2a2615f0a8
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.524:INFO:osjs.session:main: DefaultSessionIdManager workerName=node0
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.524:INFO:osjs.session:main: No SessionScavenger set, using defaults
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.529:INFO:osjs.session:main: Scavenging every 660000ms
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.538:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:main: Started o.s.j.s.ServletContextHandler@60704c{/,null,AVAILABLE}
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.562:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:main: Started ServerConnector@1fe20588{HTTP/1.1,[http/1.1]}{0.0.0.0:4444}
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 2019-10-01 15:53:13.562:INFO:osjs.Server:main: Started @2968ms
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 15:53:13.562 INFO - Selenium Grid hub is up and running
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 15:53:13.562 INFO - Nodes should register to http://1.2.3.4:4444/grid/register/
Oct 01 15:53:13 vm java[23803]: 15:53:13.562 INFO - Clients should connect to http://1.2.3.4:4444/wd/hub
Oct 01 15:53:14 vm java[23803]: 15:53:14.797 INFO - Registered a node http://1.2.3.4:5555

selenium-node:

● selenium-node.service - Selenium nodes
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/selenium-node.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-10-01 15:53:10 UTC; 6min ago
 Main PID: 23813 (xvfb-run)
   CGroup: /system.slice/selenium-node.service
           ├─23813 /bin/sh /bin/xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0 2048x1536x24" java -jar /opt/selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig /home/selenium/nodeconfig.json
           ├─23856 java -jar /opt/selenium-server-standalone.jar -role node -nodeConfig /home/selenium/nodeconfig.json
           ├─24326 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=1713
           ├─24327 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=26741
           ├─24328 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=20065
           ├─24329 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=6459
           ├─24331 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=15872
           ├─24332 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=29475
           ├─24333 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=30216
           ├─24334 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=6955
           ├─24558 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=2425
           ├─24559 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=19304
           ├─24560 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=12150
           ├─24561 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=26147
           ├─24562 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=16545
           ├─24570 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=12780
           ├─24602 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=10959
           ├─24603 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=8970
           ├─24753 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=13438
           ├─24754 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=15725
           └─24772 /usr/local/bin/chromedriver --port=28829

Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: Starting ChromeDriver 77.0.3865.40 (f484704e052e0b556f8030b65b953dce96503217-refs/branch-heads/3865@{#442}) on port 15725
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: Only local connections are allowed.
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.112 INFO - /session: Executing POST on /session (handler: BeginSession)
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.113 INFO - Capabilities are: Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.114 INFO - Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm-usage, window-siz
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.115 INFO - Found handler: org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.commandhandler.BeginSession@53702c02
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.115 INFO - Found handler: org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.commandhandler.BeginSession@4ae12041
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.116 INFO - /session: Executing POST on /session (handler: BeginSession)
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.117 INFO - Capabilities are: Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.118 INFO - Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm-usage, window-siz
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.118 INFO - /session: Executing POST on /session (handler: BeginSession)
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.120 INFO - Capabilities are: Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.120 INFO - Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm-usage, window-siz
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.121 INFO - /session: Executing POST on /session (handler: BeginSession)
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.123 INFO - Capabilities are: Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.123 INFO - Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm-usage, window-siz
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.124 INFO - /session: Executing POST on /session (handler: BeginSession)
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.139 INFO - Capabilities are: Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: 15:55:19.139 INFO - Capabilities {browserName: chrome, goog:chromeOptions: {args: [enable-automation, disable-infobars, disable-notifications, no-sandbox, --disable-dev-shm-usage, window-siz
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: Starting ChromeDriver 77.0.3865.40 (f484704e052e0b556f8030b65b953dce96503217-refs/branch-heads/3865@{#442}) on port 26147
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: Only local connections are allowed.
Oct 01 15:55:19 vm xvfb-run[23813]: Please protect ports used by ChromeDriver and related test frameworks to prevent access by malicious code.

然而，所有测试都失败并出现相同的错误：

OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
(The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '3.9.1', revision: '63f7b50', time: '2018-02-07T22:42:28.403Z'

问题在于DevToolsActivePort源自 /dev/shm 太小，有时会导致浏览器崩溃（https://stackoverflow.com/a/50642913/5364231, https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=736452#c64）所以我已经添加了--disable-dev-shm-usage到能力。

我认为问题出在服务上selenium-hub无法沟通selenium-node。任何帮助是极大的赞赏。

经验法则

Chrome 在启动期间崩溃的一个常见原因是将 Chrome 运行为root user (administrator）在 Linux 上。虽然可以通过传递来解决这个问题--no-sandbox在创建 WebDriver 会话时标记，这样的配置不受支持并且强烈建议不要这样做。您需要将环境配置为以普通用户身份运行 Chrome。

这个错误信息...

OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally
(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
(The process started from chrome location /usr/bin/google-chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Build info: version: '3.9.1', revision: '63f7b50', time: '2018-02-07T22:42:28.403Z'

...意味着Chrome驱动程序无法启动/产生新的网页浏览器 i.e. Chrome浏览器会议。

你的主要问题是不兼容您正在使用的二进制版本之间的关系如下：

您正在使用最新的chromedriver=77.0
想必您正在使用铬= 77.0.
Your 硒客户端版本是3.9.1 of 2018-02-07T22:42:28.403Z这几乎是1.5年纪大了。

所以两者之间存在明显的不匹配硒客户端 v3.9.1 , Chrome驱动程序v77.0和Chrome 浏览器 v77.0

Solution

确保这件事：

JDK升级到当前级别JDK 8u221.
Selenium升级到当前级别版本 3.141.59.
Chrome驱动程序已更新为当前Chrome驱动程序v77.0 level.
Chrome已更新为当前Chrome 版本 77.0等级。（按照ChromeDriver v77.0 发行说明)
Clean your 项目工作区通过你的IDE and Rebuild您的项目仅具有所需的依赖项。
如果你的基地网页客户端版本太旧，然后卸载它并安装最新的 GA 和发布版本网页客户端.
Take a 系统重启.
执行你的@Test as non-root user.

参考

您可以在以下位置找到一些详细的讨论：

org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException：未知错误：尝试启动 Chrome 浏览器时 DevToolsActivePort 文件不存在
未知错误：在 ubuntu 上执行 Selenium UI 测试用例时出现 DevToolsActivePort 文件不存在错误

Outro

这是链接Sandbox story.

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