TypeScript 中元组的通用类型包装

我需要向映射元组元素的函数添加类型声明[Foo<A>, Foo<B>, ...]到一个函数() => [A, B, ...]。我怎样才能在 TypeScript 中实现这一目标？

此示例在结构上与应用程序的相关部分类似：

interface SomethingWithAValue<T> { value: T; }

function collect(array) {
  return () => array.map(a => a.value);
}

这将返回与每个对象关联的值的元组。类型声明的作用是什么collect看起来像？

伪代码：

function collect<[SomethingWithAValue<T>...](array: [SomethingWithAValue<T>...]): () => [T...];

响应 jonrsharpe 的建议进行更新：

interface SomethingWithAValue<T> { value: T; }

function collect<T>(array: SomethingWithAValue<T>[]): () => T[] {
  return () => array.map(a => a.value);
}

type myTupleType = [string, number];

let somethings: [SomethingWithAValue<string>, SomethingWithAValue<number>];
somethings = [{ value: 'foo' }, { value: 5 }];

let fn: () => myTupleType = collect(somethings);

这不起作用：

Argument of type '[SomethingWithAValue<string>, SomethingWithAValue<number>]' is not assignable to parameter of type 'SomethingWithAValue<string>[]'.
  Types of property 'pop' are incompatible.
    Type '() => SomethingWithAValue<string> | SomethingWithAValue<number>' is not assignable to type '() => SomethingWithAValue<string>'.
      Type 'SomethingWithAValue<string> | SomethingWithAValue<number>' is not assignable to type 'SomethingWithAValue<string>'.
        Type 'SomethingWithAValue<number>' is not assignable to type 'SomethingWithAValue<string>'.
          Type 'number' is not assignable to type 'string'.

更新：从 TS3.1 开始，下面的答案已过时。我相信你现在可以使用映射元组类型 and 条件类型推断得到你想要的行为：

type ExtractValue<T extends ReadonlyArray<SomethingWithAValue<any>>> =
  { [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends SomethingWithAValue<infer V> ? V : never };

function collect<T extends ReadonlyArray<SomethingWithAValue<any>>>(
  array: T
): () => ExtractValue<T> {
  return () => array.map(a => a.value) as any;
}

让我们使用它...首先让我们通过辅助函数轻松获取元组类型tuple()它接受可变数量的参数并输出一个元组（从 TS3.0 开始这已成为可能）

type Narrowable = string | number | boolean | undefined | null | void | {};
const tuple = <T extends Narrowable[]>(...t: T) => t;

让我们看看它是否有效：

const result = collect(tuple({ value: 10 }, { value: "hey" }, { value: true }));
// const result: () => [number, string, boolean]

看起来不错！

旧答案：

没有可变参数类型在 TypeScript 中，因此无法输入通用元组（与语法不同[T...]存在）。

作为解决方法，您可以为任意长度的元组提供函数重载，直到某个合理的最大值：

function collect<A, B, C, D, E>(array: [SomethingWithAValue<A>, SomethingWithAValue<B>, SomethingWithAValue<C>, SomethingWithAValue<D>, SomethingWithAValue<E>]): () => [A, B, C, D, E];
function collect<A, B, C, D>(array: [SomethingWithAValue<A>, SomethingWithAValue<B>, SomethingWithAValue<C>, SomethingWithAValue<D>]): () => [A, B, C, D];
function collect<A, B, C>(array: [SomethingWithAValue<A>, SomethingWithAValue<B>, SomethingWithAValue<C>]): () => [A, B, C];
function collect<A, B>(array: [SomethingWithAValue<A>, SomethingWithAValue<B>]): () => [A, B];
function collect<A>(array: [SomethingWithAValue<A>]): () => [A];
function collect<T>(array: SomethingWithAValue<T>[]): () => T[] {
  // implementation
}

这应该适用于长度最大为 5 的元组，并且您可以在顶部添加其他重载以满足实践中您需要的任何内容。它既冗长又丑陋，但应该可以工作。

希望有帮助；祝你好运！