您现在可能已经继续前进,但是...据我所知,无法删除历史记录条目(或状态)。
我一直在研究的一种选择是在 JavaScript 中自己处理历史记录并使用window.history
物体作为某种载体。
基本上,当页面首次加载时,您创建自定义历史对象(我们将在此处使用数组,但使用对您的情况有意义的任何内容),然后执行初始操作pushState
。我会将您的自定义历史记录对象作为状态对象传递,因为如果您还需要处理离开应用程序并稍后返回的用户,它可能会派上用场。
var myHistory = [];
function pageLoad() {
window.history.pushState(myHistory, "<name>", "<url>");
//Load page data.
}
现在,当您导航时,您可以添加到自己的历史对象(或者不添加 - 历史记录现在就在您手中!)并使用replaceState
让浏览器远离循环。
function nav_to_details() {
myHistory.push("page_im_on_now");
window.history.replaceState(myHistory, "<name>", "<url>");
//Load page data.
}
当用户向后导航时,他们将达到您的“基本”状态(您的状态对象将为空),您可以根据自定义历史对象处理导航。然后,你再做一次pushState。
function on_popState() {
// Note that some browsers fire popState on initial load,
// so you should check your state object and handle things accordingly.
// (I did not do that in these examples!)
if (myHistory.length > 0) {
var pg = myHistory.pop();
window.history.pushState(myHistory, "<name>", "<url>");
//Load page data for "pg".
} else {
//No "history" - let them exit or keep them in the app.
}
}
用户将永远无法使用浏览器按钮向前导航,因为它们始终位于最新页面上。
从浏览器的角度来看,每次“后退”时,它们都会立即再次向前推进。
从用户的角度来看,他们能够向后导航页面,但不能向前导航(基本上模拟智能手机的“页面堆栈”模型)。
从开发人员的角度来看,您现在可以对用户如何浏览应用程序进行高级控制,同时仍然允许他们使用浏览器上熟悉的导航按钮。您可以根据需要从历史链中的任何位置添加/删除项目。如果您在历史数组中使用对象,您还可以跟踪有关页面的额外信息(例如字段内容等)。
如果您需要处理用户启动的导航(例如用户在基于哈希的导航方案中更改 URL),那么您可能会使用稍微不同的方法,例如...
var myHistory = [];
function pageLoad() {
// When the user first hits your page...
// Check the state to see what's going on.
if (window.history.state === null) {
// If the state is null, this is a NEW navigation,
// the user has navigated to your page directly (not using back/forward).
// First we establish a "back" page to catch backward navigation.
window.history.replaceState(
{ isBackPage: true },
"<back>",
"<back>"
);
// Then push an "app" page on top of that - this is where the user will sit.
// (As browsers vary, it might be safer to put this in a short setTimeout).
window.history.pushState(
{ isBackPage: false },
"<name>",
"<url>"
);
// We also need to start our history tracking.
myHistory.push("<whatever>");
return;
}
// If the state is NOT null, then the user is returning to our app via history navigation.
// (Load up the page based on the last entry of myHistory here)
if (window.history.state.isBackPage) {
// If the user came into our app via the back page,
// you can either push them forward one more step or just use pushState as above.
window.history.go(1);
// or window.history.pushState({ isBackPage: false }, "<name>", "<url>");
}
setTimeout(function() {
// Add our popstate event listener - doing it here should remove
// the issue of dealing with the browser firing it on initial page load.
window.addEventListener("popstate", on_popstate);
}, 100);
}
function on_popstate(e) {
if (e.state === null) {
// If there's no state at all, then the user must have navigated to a new hash.
// <Look at what they've done, maybe by reading the hash from the URL>
// <Change/load the new page and push it onto the myHistory stack>
// <Alternatively, ignore their navigation attempt by NOT loading anything new or adding to myHistory>
// Undo what they've done (as far as navigation) by kicking them backwards to the "app" page
window.history.go(-1);
// Optionally, you can throw another replaceState in here, e.g. if you want to change the visible URL.
// This would also prevent them from using the "forward" button to return to the new hash.
window.history.replaceState(
{ isBackPage: false },
"<new name>",
"<new url>"
);
} else {
if (e.state.isBackPage) {
// If there is state and it's the 'back' page...
if (myHistory.length > 0) {
// Pull/load the page from our custom history...
var pg = myHistory.pop();
// <load/render/whatever>
// And push them to our "app" page again
window.history.pushState(
{ isBackPage: false },
"<name>",
"<url>"
);
} else {
// No more history - let them exit or keep them in the app.
}
}
// Implied 'else' here - if there is state and it's NOT the 'back' page
// then we can ignore it since we're already on the page we want.
// (This is the case when we push the user back with window.history.go(-1) above)
}
}