关于MVC和Identity的两个问题

我对身份和 MVC 非常陌生，我正在尝试创建一个 MVC 应用程序作为我的第一个项目。

我已经能够关注一些教程并已成功向我的 ApplicationUser ： IdentityUser 类添加其他属性

public class ApplicationUser
    : IdentityUser<string, ApplicationUserLogin,
    ApplicationUserRole, ApplicationUserClaim>
{
    [Required]
    [Display(Name = "UserName")]
    [StringLength(50)]
    public string Handle { get; set; }

    [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "Your {0} can be at most {1} characters long.")]
    [Display(Name = "First Name")]
    public string FirstName { get; set; }

    [StringLength(100, ErrorMessage = "Your {0} can be at most {1} characters long.")]
    [Display(Name = "Last Name")]
    public string LastName { get; set; }

    [Required]
    [Display(Name = "User Creation Date")]
    public DateTime UserCreationDate { get; set; }

    public ApplicationUser()
    {
        this.Id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

        // Add any custom User properties/code here
    }

我的问题是：

1. 我看到在 App_Start.IdentityConfig.cs 中电子邮件被设置为需要唯一的电子邮件，有没有办法将其设置为需要像 Handle 这样的唯一自定义属性？

       var manager = new ApplicationUserManager(new UserStore<ApplicationUser, ApplicationRole, string, ApplicationUserLogin, ApplicationUserRole, ApplicationUserClaim>(context.Get<ApplicationDbContext>()));
       // Configure validation logic for usernames
       manager.UserValidator = new UserValidator<ApplicationUser>(manager)
       {
           AllowOnlyAlphanumericUserNames = false,
           RequireUniqueEmail = true
       };
   

2. 在 Views.Shared._LoginPartial.cshtml 的部分视图中，它显示使用 User.Identity.GetUserName() 登录应用程序的人员的用户名/电子邮件，是否有一种方法可以引用我的自定义属性之一，例如 FirstName，或处理？

   @using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity
   
   @if (Request.IsAuthenticated)
   {
       using (Html.BeginForm("LogOff", "Account", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "logoutForm", @class = "navbar-right" }))
       {
       @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
   
       <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
           <li>
               @Html.ActionLink("Hello " + User.Identity.GetUserName() + "!", "Index", "Manage", routeValues: null, htmlAttributes: new { title = "Manage" })
           </li>
           <li><a href="javascript:document.getElementById('logoutForm').submit()">Log off</a></li>
       </ul>
       }
   }
   else
   {
       <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
           <li>@Html.ActionLink("Register", "Register", "Account", routeValues: null, htmlAttributes: new { id = "registerLink" })</li>
           <li>@Html.ActionLink("Log in", "Login", "Account", routeValues: null, htmlAttributes: new { id = "loginLink" })</li>
       </ul>
   }
   

实施定制UserValidator已经在这里介绍过：如何自定义 Asp.net Identity 2 用户名已采用验证消息？

不要为每个页面请求都访问数据库来显示句柄，而是在登录期间添加声明。

定义您自己的主张：

public static class CustomClaimTypes
{
    public const string Handle = "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/ws/2014/03/mystuff/claims/handle";
}

在登录过程中，设置声明：

private async Task SignInAsync(ApplicationUser user, bool isPersistent, string password = null)
{
    AuthenticationManager.SignOut(DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ExternalCookie);

    var identity = await UserManager.CreateIdentityAsync(user, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);

    //Get the handle and add the claim to the identity.
    var handle = GetTheHandle();
    identity.AddClaim(new Claim(CustomClaimTypes.Handle, handle);

    AuthenticationManager.SignIn(new AuthenticationProperties() { IsPersistent = isPersistent }, identity);
}

然后，通过扩展方法，您可以按照与GetUserName():

public static class IdentityExtensions
{
    public static string GetHandle(this IIdentity identity)
    {
        if (identity == null)
            return null;

        return (identity as ClaimsIdentity).FirstOrNull(CustomClaimTypes.Handle);
    }

    internal static string FirstOrNull(this ClaimsIdentity identity, string claimType)
    {
        var val = identity.FindFirst(claimType);

        return val == null ? null : val.Value;
    }
}

最后，在您看来：

@User.Identity.GetHandle()