SQLAlchemy ORM 无法使用复合外键

我正在尝试使用几个相关模型构建一个示例，如下所示。 我们有一个模型 B 与模型 C 具有 1:n 关系；那么我们就有一个模型 A，与 B 之间存在 n:1 关系，与 C 之间存在 n:1 关系。（C 有 2 列主键）

我尝试了这段代码：

class C(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'C'
    key1 = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    key2 = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    attr1 = Column(Date)
    attr2 = Column(Boolean)
    related_b = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('B.spam'))


class B(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'B'
    spam = Column(Integer, default=1, primary_key=True)
    eggs = Column(String, default='eggs')
    null = Column(String)
    n_relation = relationship(C, foreign_keys='C.related_b')


class A(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'A'
    foo = Column(String, default='foo', primary_key=True)
    bar = Column(String, default='bar', primary_key=True)
    baz = Column(String, default='baz')
    rel = relationship(B, foreign_keys='A.related_b')
    related_b = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('B.spam'))
    related_c1 = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('C.key1'))
    related_c2 = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('C.key2'))
    other_rel = relationship(C, foreign_keys=(related_c1, related_c2))

只是为了得到例外：

sqlalchemy.exc.AmbiguousForeignKeysError: Could not determine join condition between parent/child tables on relationship A.other_rel - there are multiple foreign key paths linking the tables.  Specify the 'foreign_keys' argument, providing a list of those columns which should be counted as containing a foreign key reference to the parent table.

但是嘿，我已经通过了这个论点。 我尝试了该参数的各种版本，通过名称指定 A 列，通过名称指定 C 列，通过直接引用指定 C 列，似乎没有什么会影响此错误。 我还尝试使用单个复合外键，如下所示：

class A(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'A'
    foo = Column(String, default='foo', primary_key=True)
    bar = Column(String, default='bar', primary_key=True)
    baz = Column(String, default='baz')
    rel = relationship(B, foreign_keys='A.related_b')
    related_b = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('B.spam'))
    related_c1 = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('C.key1'))
    related_c2 = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('C.key2'))
    compound = ForeignKeyConstraint(('related_c1', 'related_c2'), ('C.key1', 'C.key2'))
    other_rel = relationship(C, foreign_keys=compound)

但一切都没有改变。 我是否弄错了什么或者这是一个错误？ （至少，错误消息不正确......）

这里的问题是你必须声明ForeignKeyConstraint() in __table_args__，不在类的主体中。

换句话说，以下代码不会将外键约束应用于子表......

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, text, ForeignKeyConstraint, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, relationship

connection_url = r"mssql+pyodbc://@.\SQLEXPRESS/myDb?driver=ODBC+Driver+17+for+SQL+Server"
engine = create_engine(connection_url)
Base = declarative_base()


class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "tbl_parent"
    id1 = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    id2 = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    parent_name = Column(String(50))
    children = relationship("Child", back_populates="parent")


class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "tbl_child"
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=False)
    child_name = Column(String(50))
    parent_id1 = Column(Integer)
    parent_id2 = Column(Integer)
    # this does not work
    ForeignKeyConstraint(
        ["parent_id1", "parent_id2"], ["tbl_parent.id1", "tbl_parent.id2"]
    )
    parent = relationship(
        "Parent",
        foreign_keys="[Child.parent_id1, Child.parent_id2]",
        back_populates="children",
    )


Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
engine.echo = True
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

"""DDL emitted:
CREATE TABLE tbl_parent (
    id1 INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    id2 INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    parent_name VARCHAR(50), 
    PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2)
)
CREATE TABLE tbl_child (
    id INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    child_name VARCHAR(50), 
    parent_id1 INTEGER, 
    parent_id2 INTEGER, 
    PRIMARY KEY (id)
)
"""

… 但是这个will work …

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, Column, Integer, text, ForeignKeyConstraint, String
from sqlalchemy.orm import declarative_base, relationship

connection_url = r"mssql+pyodbc://@.\SQLEXPRESS/myDb?driver=ODBC+Driver+17+for+SQL+Server"
engine = create_engine(connection_url)
Base = declarative_base()


class Parent(Base):
    __tablename__ = "tbl_parent"
    id1 = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    id2 = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
    parent_name = Column(String(50))
    children = relationship("Child", back_populates="parent")


class Child(Base):
    __tablename__ = "tbl_child"
    # this works
    __table_args__ = (
        ForeignKeyConstraint(
            ["parent_id1", "parent_id2"], ["tbl_parent.id1", "tbl_parent.id2"]
        ),
    )
    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=False)
    child_name = Column(String(50))
    parent_id1 = Column(Integer)
    parent_id2 = Column(Integer)

    parent = relationship(
        "Parent",
        foreign_keys="[Child.parent_id1, Child.parent_id2]",
        back_populates="children",
    )


Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
engine.echo = True
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

"""DDL emitted:
CREATE TABLE tbl_parent (
    id1 INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    id2 INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    parent_name VARCHAR(50) NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (id1, id2)
)
CREATE TABLE tbl_child (
    id INTEGER NOT NULL, 
    child_name VARCHAR(50) NULL, 
    parent_id1 INTEGER NULL, 
    parent_id2 INTEGER NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY (id), 
    FOREIGN KEY(parent_id1, parent_id2) REFERENCES tbl_parent (id1, id2)
)
"""

参考：

https://docs.sqlalchemy.org/en/14/orm/declarative_tables.html#orm-declarative-table-configuration