我正在尝试抓取维基百科以获取一些用于文本挖掘的数据。我正在使用 python 的 urllib2 和 Beautifulsoup。我的问题是：有没有一种简单的方法可以从我阅读的文本中删除不必要的标签（例如链接“a”或“span”）。
对于这种情况：
import urllib2
from BeautifulSoup import *
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
infile = opener.open("http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=data_mining&printable=yes")pool = BeautifulSoup(infile.read())
res=pool.findAll('div',attrs={'class' : 'mw-content-ltr'}) # to get to content directly
paragrapgs=res[0].findAll("p") #get all paragraphs
我得到的段落有很多参考标签，例如：
段落[0] =
<p><b>Data mining</b> (the analysis step of the <b>knowledge discovery in databases</b> process,<sup id="cite_ref-Fayyad_0-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fayyad-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> or KDD), a relatively young and interdisciplinary field of <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a><sup id="cite_ref-acm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brittanica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brittanica-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> is the process of discovering new patterns from large <a href="/wiki/Data_set" title="Data set">data sets</a> involving methods at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Database_system" title="Database system">database systems</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acm_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> The goal of data mining is to extract knowledge from a data set in a human-understandable structure<sup id="cite_ref-acm_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> and involves database and <a href="/wiki/Data_management" title="Data management">data management</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_Pre-processing" title="Data Pre-processing">data preprocessing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Statistical_model" title="Statistical model">model</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statistical_inference" title="Statistical inference">inference</a> considerations, interestingness metrics, <a href="/wiki/Computational_complexity_theory" title="Computational complexity theory">complexity</a> considerations, post-processing of found structure, <a href="/wiki/Data_visualization" title="Data visualization">visualization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Online_algorithm" title="Online algorithm">online updating</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-acm_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acm-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></p>
有什么想法如何删除它们并拥有纯文本吗？
这就是你可以用的方法lxml（和可爱的requests):
import requests
import lxml.html as lh
from BeautifulSoup import UnicodeDammit
URL = "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=data_mining&printable=yes"
HEADERS = {'User-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'}
def lhget(*args, **kwargs):
r = requests.get(*args, **kwargs)
html = UnicodeDammit(r.content).unicode
tree = lh.fromstring(html)
return tree
def remove(el):
el.getparent().remove(el)
tree = lhget(URL, headers=HEADERS)
el = tree.xpath("//div[@class='mw-content-ltr']/p")[0]
for ref in el.xpath("//sup[@class='reference']"):
remove(ref)
print lh.tostring(el, pretty_print=True)
print el.text_content()
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