windows远程登录 ubuntu Linux 系统及互连共享桌面

预备工作

#开启防火墙端口
sudo ufw allow 3389

#安装ssh
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

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一、windows直连Ubuntu16.04共享桌面

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1、打开终端，安装xrdp,vncserver

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sudo apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients

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2、安装desktop sharing（Ubuntu16.04默认已经安装），可以到应用商店下载。打开desktop sharing，设置如下

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3、 安装安装dconf-editor，取消权限限制

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sudo apt-get install dconf-editor

dconf-editor设置：org > gnome > desktop > remote-access，取消 “requlre-encryption”

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4、 windows 远程登陆

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cmd
mstsc
选择vnc-any
输入Ubuntu IP地址
端口 5900
桌面共享设定的密码

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xrdp支持xfce4和mate桌面,不支持gnome和ubuntu桌面

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准备工作：

在**/usr/share/applications**目录下打开“桌面共享”选项，桌面共享选项中首先要开启共享，关于是否允许其他用户控制，远程连接时是否需要本机确认，远程连接的密码等项目根据需要自己设定。如果需要从公网即外部网络访问此ubuntu计算机需要开启”自动配置UPnP路由器开放和转发端口项目”。一般建议如下图(可以按自己的要求设置)：

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很多情况下 xrdp 支持不了gnome，解决办法就是装个xface 界面。

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xrdp的配置文档在/etc/xrdp目录下的xrdp.ini和sesman.ini

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xrdp.ini 关键部分在globals

[globals]
bitmap_cache=yes       #位图缓存
bitmap_compression=yes #位图压缩
port=3389              #监听端口
crypt_level=low        #加密程度（low为40位，high为128位，medium为双40位）
channel_code=1         #不知道是什么
max_bpp=24 XRDP最大连接数
[xrdp1]
name=sesman-Xvnc XRDP的连接模式
lib=libvnc.so
username=ask
password=ask
ip=127.0.0.1
port=-1

sesman.ini

[Globals]
ListenAddress=127.0.0.1      #监听ip地址(默认即可)
ListenPort=3350              #监听端口(默认即可)
EnableUserWindowManager=1    #1为开启,可让用户自定义自己的启动脚本
UserWindowManager=startwm.sh
DefaultWindowManager=startwm.sh
 
[Security]
AllowRootLogin=1              #允许root登陆
MaxLoginRetry=4               #最大重试次数
TerminalServerUsers=tSUSErs   #允许连接的用户组(如果不存在则默认全部用户允许连接)
TerminalServerAdmins=tsadmins #允许连接的超级用户(如果不存在则默认全部用户允许连接)
 
[Sessions]
MaxSessions=10           #最大会话数

KillDisconnected=0       #是否立即关闭断开的连接(如果为1,则断开连接后会自动注销)
IdleTimeLimit=0          #空闲会话时间限制(0为没有限制)
DisconnectedTimeLimit=0  #断开连接的存活时间(0为没有限制)
 
[Logging]
LogFile=./sesman.log     #登陆日志文件
LogLevel=DEBUG           #登陆日志记录等级(级别分别为,core,error,warn,info,debug)
EnableSyslog=0           #是否开启日志
SyslogLevel=DEBUG        #系统日志记录等级

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运行一段时间后，出现xrdp_mm_process_login_response: login failed

问题原因：远程桌面没有正确关闭，虽然在windows 系统关闭远程桌面连接，但是在里linux上的进程还在运行，导致连接数量达到上限，出现问题。
解决：通过设置sesman.in文件内的参数，解决。
Set session limits to avoid login failed error

[Sessions]
X11DisplayOffset=10
MaxSessions=100 #将最大会话限制改大
KillDisconnected=0
IdleTimeLimit=0
DisconnectedTimeLimit=0

将KillDisconnected=1；则每次断开连接时，linux都会关闭会话进程。不建议修改KillDisconnected，否则会自动关闭回话进程。最后重启xrdp即可。

#重启xrdp

sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart
或者
sudo service xrdp restart

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二、ubuntu16.04搭建xrdp远程xface桌面链接，xface桌面太难看且不好使用

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1. 安装 XRDP及 vncserver

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 sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xrdp 
 sudo apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver

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** 2. 安装 Xfce桌面环境**

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 sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

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** 3. 设置 xRDP**

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 cd /home/youruser(youruser 是每个人自己的用户名)
 echo “xfce4-session” >~/.xsession

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** 4. 设置配置文件**

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#重启xrdp
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart
或者
sudo service xrdp restart

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此方法不需要额外修改配置文件

$  :  sudo gedit ~/.vnc/xstartup 

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三、ubuntu16.04搭建xrdp远程mate桌面链接

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安装mate桌面

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sudo apt-get install mate-core mate-desktop-environment mate-notification-daemon

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安装tightvncserver

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sudo apt-get install tightvncserver

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安装xrdp

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sudo apt-get install xrdp

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配置xrdp

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echo mate-session >~/.xsession
gedit /etc/xrdp/startwm.sh
#在./etc/X11/Xsession前插入
mate-session
#重启xrdp
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart
或者
sudo service xrdp restart

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要注意地方

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一定要先装tightvncserver后装xrdp,不能够装vnc4server，已改为tightvncserver.

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卸载xrdp和tightvncserver

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sudo apt-get purge xrdp
sudo apt-get purge tightvncserver

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四、Ubuntu 16.04: Remote connect to Unity with VNC/XRDP

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1 Install tigervnc

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Running the following script will install tigervnc

#!/bin/sh

# Refresh repository.
sudo apt update -y

# Install git and devscript.
sudo apt install -y git devscript

# Remove vnc4server.
sudo apt remove -y vnc4server

# Create working directory.
mkdir tigervnc
cd tigervnc

# Download source code.
git clone https://github.com/TigerVNC/tigervnc
cd tigervnc/

# Avoid compiler error.
git checkout ff872614b507d0aa8bfbd09ef41550390cfe658a

# Prepare to build package.
ln -s contrib/packages/deb/ubuntu-xenial/debian
chmod a+x debian/rules
sudo apt install -y -o 'apt::install-recommends=true' \
     `dpkg-checkbuilddeps 2>&1 | \
sed -e 's/.*build dependencies://g' -e 's/([^)]*)//g'`

# Build package.
fakeroot debian/rules binary
cd ..

# Install package with resolving dependent package.
sudo dpkg -i *.deb || (sudo apt-get -f install -y ; sudo dpkg -i *.deb || exit 1)
cd ..

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2 ${HOME}/.xsession

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Create the following .xsession

$ cat ~/.xsession
/usr/lib/gnome-session/gnome-session-binary --session=ubuntu &
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/unity/unity-panel-service &
/usr/lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-settings-daemon &

for indicator in /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-*; do
  basename=`basename ${indicator}`
  dirname=`dirname ${indicator}`
  service=${dirname}/${basename}/${basename}-service
  ${service} &
done

unity

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3 Add gnome-control-center

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With this article’s configuration, selecting “Sytem settings…” at the upper right will call gnome-control-center instead of unity-control-center. Add gnome-control-center which is symbolic link to unity-control-center.

$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/unity-control-center /usr/bin/gnome-control-center

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4 Run VNC server

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Create password with vncpasswd

$ vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n

Run vncserver. Remote access port is 5900 + display nummber. A port of below example is 5901

$ vncserver

New 'ubuntu-16:1 (hiroom2)' desktop is ubuntu-16:1

Starting applications specified in /home/hiroom2/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/hiroom2/.vnc/ubuntu-16:1.log

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5 Run XRDP server

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$ sudo apt install -y xrdp

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五、Ubuntu 16.04: Remote connect to GNOME Classic Desktop with VNC/XRDP

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1 Preparation

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Remove vnc4server and tightvncserver.
You can also switch vncserver to tigervncserver with update-alternatives command.

$ sudo apt remove -y vnc4server tightvncserver

Install git and devscripts

$ sudo apt install -y git and devscripts

Install packages for GNOME Classic Desktop

$ sudo apt install -y gnome-panel metacity

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2 Install tigervncserver

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tigervnc repository already has a devscripts files for Ubuntu 16.04.
I with that tigervnc ported to xenial-update.

Download tigervnc from repository. Checkout with hash which was used by this article.

$ mkdir tigervnc
$ cd tigervnc
$ git clone https://github.com/TigerVNC/tigervnc
$ cd tigervnc/
$ git checkout 044e2b87da7121ef6cbd59e88b101d7d8e282896 -b 044e2b87da7121ef6cbd59e88b101d7d8e282896

Move devscripts files to the top of directory with symbolic link

$ ln -s contrib/packages/deb/ubuntu-xenial/debian

Install packages for building tigervnc.

$ sudo apt install -y $(grep Build-Depends: debian/control | \
sed -e 's/Build-Depends://g' -e 's/([^\)]*)//g' -e 's/,//g')

Build tigervnc.

$ chmod a+x debian/rules
$ fakeroot debian/rules binary

Install deb files while installing depend package with running “apt -f install”.

$ cd ..
$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb || (sudo apt -f install -y; sudo dpkg -i *.deb)
$ cd ..

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3 ${HOME}/.xsessionrc

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This article will not use .vnc/.xstartup and .xsession, will use .xsessionrc which run program for GNOME Classic Desktop.

$ cat <<EOF > ~/.xsessionrc
gnome-panel &
metacity &
EOF
$ rm ~/.xsession

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4 Run VNC server

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Create password with vncpasswd

$ vncpasswd
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n

Run vncserver. Remote access port is 5900 + display nummber.
A port of below example is 5901.

$ vncserver

New 'ubuntu-16:1 (hiroom2)' desktop is ubuntu-16:1

Starting applications specified in /home/hiroom2/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/hiroom2/.vnc/ubuntu-16:1.log

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5 Run XRDP server

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Install and run xrdp

$ sudo apt install -y xrdp
$ sudo systemctl enable xrdp
$ sudo systemctl restart xrdp

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六、ubuntu中通过remmina远程连接终端软件通过rdp协议连接win7

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1. 在win7中开启允许远程访问
2. ubuntu中打开remmina软件，输入win7的ip，username，password就可以连接了

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可能出现的问题

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  1. 安装 XRDP及 vncserver
  sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xrdp 
  sudo apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver
  2. 安装 Gnome桌面环境
    sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
  3. 设置 xRDP
    cd /home/youruser(youruser 是每个人自己的用户名)
     echo “gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d" >.xsession
  4. 设置配置文件
      sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart

sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xrdp
sudo apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver
echo “gnome-session --session=gnome-classic” >~/.xsession
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart
配置后，结果会出现背景是灰色的情况，说明xrdp不支持GNOME，建议安装xface界面。

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经常会出现 windows无法远程连接的情况，ssh 也是可以的。虽然IP都是正确的，这是因为你没有安装xrdp

打开终端：依次安装

sudo apt-get install tightvncserver xrdp
sudo apt-get install vnc4server tightvncserver

安装完毕以后，执行以下命令（该命令的作用是由于安装了 gnome桌面，ubuntu12.04中同时存在unity、GNOME多个桌面管理器，需要启动的时候指定一个，不然即使远程登录验证成功以后，也只是背景，其他什么也没有）

sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart

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还有一种可能性是 you have to permit firewall to listen to connections on port 3389 that xrdp is working on. For this execute:

sudo ufw allow 3389

https://askubuntu.com/questions/234856/unable-to-do-remote-desktop-using-xrdp

若出现出现connecting to sesman ip 127.0.0.1 port 3350，而无其他问题显示**，则需要重启服务器**。

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connecting to sesman ip 127.0.0.1 port 3350
sesman connect ok
seding login info to session manager, please wait…
xrdp_mm_process_login_response: login successful for display
started connecting
connecting to 127.0.0.1 5916
tcp connected
security level is 2 (1=none, 2=standard)
password failed
error - problem connecting

sudo apt-get install xrdp=0.6.1-2

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1108550/xrdp-failed-problem-connecting-when-package-was-auto-updated

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七、Ubuntu 16.04: Remote connect to windows Desktop with rdesktop

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rdesktop IP

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八、SSH远程连接 Ubuntu

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1. 安装 open ssh

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sudo apt-get install openssh-server

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2. 修改root密码

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sudo passwd root

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3. 辑配置文件，允许以 root 用户通过 ssh 登录

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sudo vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
找到：PermitRootLogin prohibit-password禁用
添加：PermitRootLogin yes
sudo service ssh restart

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参考文献

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putty+xming远程登录Ubuntu16.04图形界面

使用Windows 10远程控制Ubuntu 16.04

ubuntu16.04搭建xrdp远程mate桌面链接

Ubuntu 16.04: Remote connect to Unity with VNC/XRDP

windows远程连接ubuntu 16.04的unity桌面

Ubuntu 16.04: Remote connect to GNOME Classic Desktop with VNC/XRDP

XRDP – How To Remote Connect to Unity Desktop on Ubuntu 16.04

Linux下全能远程桌面高手Remmina使用说明

如何使用Ubuntu自带的远程连接

xrdp完美实现windows 远程桌面 ubuntu 16.04

解决Ubuntu 16.04 SSH 无法远程登录问题

学习ubuntu远程桌面（一）：配置远程桌面

Windows通过远程桌面访问Ubuntu

使用xrdp实现windows 远程桌面 ubuntu linux