如何使用 swift 5 URLSession 中引入的新结果类型？

Swift 5 引入了新的 Result 类型来处理异步函数的结果。我想知道如何在 URLSession 中使用这个新的结果类型。

我有以下代码。

func getCategorByAPI()
    {
        //Base Url is from an static variable
        let url = URL(string: URLManager.aPIBaseURL+"category")!
        var request  = URLRequest(url: url)
        request.httpMethod = "GET"
        let boundary = "Boundary-\(UUID().uuidString)"
        request.setValue("multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")

        let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest) {
            data, response, error in

            if error != nil {
                //print("error=\(error)")
                return
            }

            do {
                let json = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data!, options: []) as? NSDictionary
                print(json)
            }catch
            {
                print(error)
            }

        }

        task.resume()
    }

我如何使用 swift 5 结果类型重写这个函数？

您想要创建一个enum指定结果中可能的情况（例如成功或失败）。然后你添加一个完成到你的getCategorByAPI()类型的方法Result<Data, Error>。从那里，在 url 会话内部，您将调用完成处理程序，传入data on .success or the error on .failure.

您还可以做一些很酷的事情，例如覆盖结果get()方法和扩展Result解码你的数据：D

一探究竟：

enum Result<Success, Error: Swift.Error> {
    case success(Success)
    case failure(Error)
}

// override the Result.get() method
extension Result {
    func get() throws -> Success {
        switch self {
        case .success(let value):
            return value
        case .failure(let error):
            throw error
        }
    }
}

// use generics - this is where you can decode your data
extension Result where Success == Data {
    func decoded<T: Decodable>(using decoder: JSONDecoder = .init()) throws -> T {
        let data = try get()
        return try decoder.decode(T.self, from: data)
    }
}


func getCategorByAPI(completion: (Result<Data, Error>) -> Void)
{
    // You might want to stick this into another method
    let url = URL(string: URLManager.aPIBaseURL+"category")!
    var request  = URLRequest(url: url)
    request.httpMethod = "GET"
    let boundary = "Boundary-\(UUID().uuidString)"
    request.setValue("multipart/form-data; boundary=\(boundary)", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")

    URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request as URLRequest) {
        data, response, error in

        if error != nil {
            completion(.failure(error))
            return
        }

        if !(200...299).contains(httpResponse.statusCode) && !(httpResponse.statusCode == 304) {
            let httpError = // ... convert httpResponse.statusCode into a more readable error
                completion(.failure(httpError))
        }

        if let data = data {
            completion(.success(data))
        }
        }.resume()
}

我还没有测试过上面的内容，但在当前的项目中实现了类似的东西。以下是我阅读的一些文章以了解如何实施：

https://www.hackingwithswift.com/articles/161/how-to-use-result-in-swift
https://medium.com/@pavlepesic/how-to-use-swift-5-result-with-codable-protocol-824c9a951af9