在 .NET Core 中的 MVC 之外使用 Razor

我想在我用 .NET Core 编写的 .NET 控制台应用程序中使用 Razor 作为模板引擎。

我遇到的独立 Razor 引擎（RazorEngine、RazorTemplates）都需要完整的 .NET。我正在寻找适用于 .NET Core 的解决方案。

下面是一个示例代码，仅依赖于 Razor（用于解析和 C# 代码生成）和 Roslyn（用于 C# 代码编译，但您也可以使用旧的 CodeDom）。

该代码段中没有 MVC，因此，没有 View，没有 .cshtml 文件，没有 Controller，只有 Razor 源解析和编译运行时执行。但仍然存在模型的概念。

您只需要添加以下 nuget 包：Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Language（使用 v5.0.5 测试），Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Runtime（使用 v2.2.0 测试）和Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp（使用 v3.9.0 测试）掘金。

此 C# 源代码与 .NET 5、NETCore 3.1（对于旧版本，请检查此答案的历史记录）、NETStandard 2 和 .NET Framework 兼容。要测试它，只需创建一个 .NET 框架或 .NET Core 控制台应用程序，粘贴它，添加 nuget，然后手动创建 hello.txt 文件（它必须位于可执行文件旁边）。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Language;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Language.Extensions; // needed or not depends on .NET version
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;

namespace RazorTemplate
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // points to the local path
            var fs = RazorProjectFileSystem.Create(".");

            // customize the default engine a little bit
            var engine = RazorProjectEngine.Create(RazorConfiguration.Default, fs, (builder) =>
            {
                // InheritsDirective.Register(builder); // in .NET core 3.1, compatibility has been broken (again), and this is not needed anymore...
                builder.SetNamespace("MyNamespace"); // define a namespace for the Template class
            });

            // get a razor-templated file. My "hello.txt" template file is defined like this:
            //
            // @inherits RazorTemplate.MyTemplate
            // Hello @Model.Name, welcome to Razor World!
            //

            var item = fs.GetItem("hello.txt", null);

            // parse and generate C# code
            var codeDocument = engine.Process(item);
            var cs = codeDocument.GetCSharpDocument();

            // outputs it on the console
            //Console.WriteLine(cs.GeneratedCode);

            // now, use roslyn, parse the C# code
            var tree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(cs.GeneratedCode);

            // define the dll
            const string dllName = "hello";
            var compilation = CSharpCompilation.Create(dllName, new[] { tree },
                new[]
                {
                    MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location), // include corlib
                    MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(RazorCompiledItemAttribute).Assembly.Location), // include Microsoft.AspNetCore.Razor.Runtime
                    MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location), // this file (that contains the MyTemplate base class)

                    // for some reason on .NET core, I need to add this... this is not needed with .NET framework
                    MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(object).Assembly.Location), "System.Runtime.dll")),

                    // as found out by @Isantipov, for some other reason on .NET Core for Mac and Linux, we need to add this... this is not needed with .NET framework
                    MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(Path.Combine(Path.GetDirectoryName(typeof(object).Assembly.Location), "netstandard.dll"))
                },
                new CSharpCompilationOptions(OutputKind.DynamicallyLinkedLibrary)); // we want a dll


            // compile the dll
            string path = Path.Combine(Path.GetFullPath("."), dllName + ".dll");
            var result = compilation.Emit(path);
            if (!result.Success)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(string.Join(Environment.NewLine, result.Diagnostics));
                return;
            }

            // load the built dll
            Console.WriteLine(path);
            var asm = Assembly.LoadFile(path);

            // the generated type is defined in our custom namespace, as we asked. "Template" is the type name that razor uses by default.
            var template = (MyTemplate)Activator.CreateInstance(asm.GetType("MyNamespace.Template"));

            // run the code.
            // should display "Hello Killroy, welcome to Razor World!"
            template.ExecuteAsync().Wait();
        }
    }

    // the model class. this is 100% specific to your context
    public class MyModel
    {
        // this will map to @Model.Name
        public string Name => "Killroy";
    }

    // the sample base template class. It's not mandatory but I think it's much easier.
    public abstract class MyTemplate
    {
        // this will map to @Model (property name)
        public MyModel Model => new MyModel();

        public void WriteLiteral(string literal)
        {
            // replace that by a text writer for example
            Console.Write(literal);
        }

        public void Write(object obj)
        {
            // replace that by a text writer for example
            Console.Write(obj);
        }

        public async virtual Task ExecuteAsync()
        {
            await Task.Yield(); // whatever, we just need something that compiles...
        }
    }
}