Spring Boot中创建KafkaTemplate的正确方法

我尝试配置阿帕奇卡夫卡 in 弹簧靴应用。我读了这个文档 https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/boot-features-messaging.html#boot-features-kafka并按照以下步骤操作：

1）我将此行添加到aplication.yaml:

spring:
  kafka:
    bootstrap-servers: kafka_host:9092
    producer:
      key-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer
      value-serializer: org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.ByteArraySerializer

2）我创建新主题：

    @Bean
    public NewTopic responseTopic() {
        return new NewTopic("new-topic", 5, (short) 1);
    }

现在我想用KafkaTemplate:

private final KafkaTemplate<String, byte[]> kafkaTemplate;

public KafkaEventBus(KafkaTemplate<String, byte[]> kafkaTemplate) {
    this.kafkaTemplate = kafkaTemplate;
}

但 Intellij IDE 的亮点是：

为了解决这个问题，我需要创建 bean：

@Bean
public KafkaTemplate<String, byte[]> myMessageKafkaTemplate() {
    return new KafkaTemplate<>(greetingProducerFactory());
}

并传递给构造函数属性greetingProducerFactory():

@Bean
public ProducerFactory<String, byte[]> greetingProducerFactory() {
    Map<String, Object> configProps = new HashMap<>();
    configProps.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "kafka_hist4:9092");
    configProps.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
    configProps.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, ByteArraySerializer.class);
    return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(configProps);
}

但那么设置有什么意义呢？应用程序.yaml 是否需要创建ProducerFactory手动？

我认为你可以放心地忽略 IDEA 的警告；我在具有不同通用类型的 Boots 模板中接线没有问题......

@SpringBootApplication
public class So55280173Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(So55280173Application.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public ApplicationRunner runner(KafkaTemplate<String, String> template, Foo foo) {
        return args -> {
            template.send("so55280173", "foo");
            if (foo.template == template) {
                System.out.println("they are the same");
            }
        };
    }

    @Bean
    public NewTopic topic() {
        return new NewTopic("so55280173", 1, (short) 1);
    }

}

@Component
class Foo {

    final KafkaTemplate<String, String> template;

    @Autowired
    Foo(KafkaTemplate<String, String> template) {
        this.template = template;
    }

}

and

they are the same