写在开头
CentOS 7 默认最小安装完成后，是不带图形化界面的，但我们很多人在习惯了 Windows 的图形化界面之后，总是希望有一个图形化界面从而方便我们使用，这篇文章我们将详细讲解图形界面的安装和VNC远程的配置。
操作流程
提权到使用root用户
一般我们使用Linux系统时，会使用普通用户去进行一些低权限的操作，但是安装软件涉及到修改系统，所以我们需要提权到root用户。
(这里注意没有普通用户的要记得创建普通用户，因为在root用户下有些图形界面软件是无法运行的(例如Chrome)，而且安全性也会大大降低)[centos@BT ~]$ sudo -i
[root@BT ~]#
列出所有的yum包组
我们需要得知图形界面包组的具体名称，以便于安装，这里可以看到图像界面包组的名称是“Server with GUI”
(这一步如果显示是中文的同学请先把语言切换到English，方法网上可以找到)[root@BT ~]# yum -y grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
Done
安装图形界面[root@BT ~]# yum -y groupinstall "Server with GUI"
为了防止与服务器连接断开，可以使用tmux 或者screen创建一个窗口来运行[root@BT ~]# tmux
安装需要一段时间，请耐心等待
设置默认运行级别
设置开机默认为图形界面(这个设置完成之后重启我们显示器就能看到图形界面了)ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/runlevel5.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
reboot
设置完成，重启系统。
VNC的安装
我们要远程连接服务器，就会用到VNC，VNC相当于windows下的远程桌面，可以帮助你连接到服务器的图形界面。[root@BT ~]# yum -y install tigervnc-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tigervnc-server.x86_64 0:1.8.0-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================
Installing:
tigervnc-server x86_64 1.8.0-13.el7 base 215 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 215 k
Installed size: 509 k
Downloading packages:
tigervnc-server-1.8.0-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 215 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : tigervnc-server-1.8.0-13.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : tigervnc-server-1.8.0-13.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
tigervnc-server.x86_64 0:1.8.0-13.el7
Complete!
开启测试VNC服务器
这里需要使用普通用户操作[root@BT ~]# exit # 退出root用户
logout
[centos@BT ~]$ vncserver :1 # 开启VNC服务器(:1为端口5901，以此类推)
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password: (这里需要输入密码，密码是看不到的)
Verify: (确认密码)
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
A view-only password is not used
New 'BT:1 (centos)' desktop is BT:1
Creating default startup script /home/centos/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /home/centos/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /home/centos/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/centos/.vnc/BT:1.log
开启后查看端口[centos@BT ~]$ ss -ant
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:5901 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:6001 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:*
ESTAB 0 208 10.0.0.4:22 39.188.45.114:2279
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::*
LISTEN 0 5 :::5901 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::111 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::6001 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::*
可以发现5901已经监听
连接VNC服务器
这里需要用到VNC viewer，下载地址：
输入IP：端口，连接服务器，然后输入密码，这里需要点Continue(测试用服务器已经关闭了，所以请不要尝试攻击)
连接成功如图
设置VNC为服务并开机启动
继续切换到ROOT用户，进行下面的操作，创建服务文件[centos@BT ~]$ sudo -i
[root@BT ~]# cp /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@.service /lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l -c "/usr/bin/vncserver %i"
PIDFile=/home//.vnc/%H%i.pid
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
这里请把替换成普通用户的用户名(我这里是centos)
接着保存，设置开机启动并且开启服务(--now参数为启动服务)systemctl enable --now vncserver@\:1.service
检查服务状态，显示已在运行[root@BT ~]# systemctl status vncserver@\:1.service
● vncserver@:1.service - Remote desktop service (VNC)
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-08-29 12:38:16 CST; 45s ago
Process: 4166 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/runuser -l centos -c /usr/bin/vncserver %i (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 4163 ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c /usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || : (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2011 (Xvnc)
CGroup: /system.slice/system-vncserver.slice/vncserver@:1.service
‣ 2011 /usr/bin/Xvnc :1 -auth /home/centos/.Xauthority -desktop BT:1 (centos) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry ...
Aug 29 12:38:12 BT systemd[1]: Starting Remote desktop service (VNC)...
Aug 29 12:38:16 BT systemd[1]: Started Remote desktop service (VNC).
至此，安装完成
