使用 REST Framework 从 Django 中的 POST 获取 JSON 数据

我正在尝试在 Django 中为带有 Gspread 的 Google 电子表格构建 REST API，我遇到了很多问题（所以如果有人碰巧有完整的示例，请随时分享...好吗？:) ）。其中一个问题是我正在尝试接收 POST 请求的 JSON（当然，稍后还会接收其他请求）。然而，这是失败的。这是我的代码：

view.py （我知道 IF 语句不是它的工作原理

elif request.method == 'POST':
    received_json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
    content = received_json_data['content']
    if content != "":
        worksheet.insert_row([content["date"], content["days"], content["firstname"], content["lastname"], content["team"], content["training"], content["company"], content["city"], content["cost"], content["invoice"], content["info"]], 1)
        return JsonResponse(content, safe=False, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
    else:
        return JsonResponse([], safe=False, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

为此编写的测试：

def test_post_all_training_returns_201_when_correct_format(self):
    """
    A POST request on /trainings/ should create a new training
    """
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
    response = self.client.post('/trainings/', json=json.dumps(self.training_json_body), headers=headers, format="json")
    self.assertEqual(response.status_code, status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

Training_json_body的内容：

self.training_json_body = {
    "date": "1/1/2018",
    "days": 1,
    "firstname": "Data",
    "lastname": "Data",
    "team": "Data",
    "training": "Data",
    "company": "Data",
    "city": "Data",
    "cost": 1,
    "invoice": "Data",
    "info": "Data"
}

追溯

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Python\backend\unleashedapp\trainings\tests.py", line 64, in test_post_all_training_returns_201_when_correct_format
    response = self.client.post('/trainings/', json=json.dumps(self.training_json_body), headers=headers, format="json")
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 525, in post
    response = super().post(path, data=data, content_type=content_type, secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 341, in post
    secure=secure, **extra)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 404, in generic
    return self.request(**r)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\test\client.py", line 485, in request
    raise exc_value
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 35, in inner
    response = get_response(request)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 128, in _get_response
    response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 126, in _get_response
    response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view
    return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
File "C:\Python\backend\unleashedapp\trainings\views.py", line 36, in training_list
    received_json_data = json.loads(request.body.decode("utf-8"))
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\json\__init__.py", line 354, in loads
    return _default_decoder.decode(s)
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 339, in decode
    obj, end = self.raw_decode(s, idx=_w(s, 0).end())
File "C:\Users\yanni\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python36-32\lib\json\decoder.py", line 357, in raw_decode
    raise JSONDecodeError("Expecting value", s, err.value) from None
json.decoder.JSONDecodeError: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)

我已经寻找解决方案几天了，但无法使其发挥作用，所以如果有人能够将我推向正确的方向，我将非常感激。

我已将代码更新为以下内容：

class TrainingList(APIView):
    def post(self, request, format=None):
        sheet = request.GET.get('sheet', 'Data')
        worksheet = spreadsheet.worksheet(sheet)
        worksheet.append_row([request.data.get("date"), request.data.get("days"), request.data.get("firstname"), request.data.get("lastname"), request.data.get("team"), request.data.get("training"), request.data.get("company"), request.data.get("city"), request.data.get("cost"), request.data.get("invoice"), request.data.get("info")])
        return JsonResponse("[]", safe=False, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

这不再抛出任何错误，但append_row()函数现在为每个字段添加“None”，所以显然数据仍然没有通过。我怎样才能解决这个问题？

如果您使用 Django REST 框架，那么您可以通过访问轻松地从请求对象获取数据request.data字典（更多信息在这里 http://www.django-rest-framework.org/api-guide/requests/).

如果您使用的是普通 Django 视图，那么您可以通过使用请求对象并访问来访问 POST 数据request.POST['<field_name>'] or request.POST.get('<field_name>').

例如：

request.POST.get("date")

您可以阅读更多相关内容或查看示例here https://rnvarma.gitbooks.io/intro-to-django-real/content/part-2-dynamic-websites-with-databasing/retrieving-post-data-in-the-view.html.