在 Ubuntu 18.04 上安装 Ruby 2.3.x 在安装过程结束时导致错误

我最近将系统更新到了 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS，从那时起，Ruby 版本似乎已经更新到了 2.5。问题是，当尝试部署使用 Capistrano 的项目时，它现在会抱怨找不到 Ruby 2.3。

运行时尝试安装的版本rvm install 2.3是 2.3.4，显示的第一个错误是“Error running '__rvm_make -j4'“。我尝试删除 RVM 并再次安装，但没有解决这个问题。日志是一个巨大的文件，它没有告诉我任何信息。

然后，我尝试使用rbenv，这也会导致错误：

Installing ruby-2.3.4...

BUILD FAILED (Ubuntu 18.04 using ruby-build 20180424)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /tmp/ruby-build.20180429172721.16258
Results logged to /tmp/ruby-build.20180429172721.16258.log

Last 10 log lines:
installing default nkf libraries
linking shared-object objspace.so
make[2]: Leaving directory '/tmp/ruby-build.20180429172721.16258/ruby-2.3.4/ext/objspace'
linking shared-object pathname.so
make[2]: Leaving directory '/tmp/ruby-build.20180429172721.16258/ruby-2.3.4/ext/pathname'
linking shared-object nkf.so
make[2]: Leaving directory '/tmp/ruby-build.20180429172721.16258/ruby-2.3.4/ext/nkf'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/tmp/ruby-build.20180429172721.16258/ruby-2.3.4'
uncommon.mk:203: recipe for target 'build-ext' failed
make: *** [build-ext] Error 2

日志文件还有一个愚蠢的巨型日志文件。

下一次尝试是从源安装，运行后make在文件夹内，错误：

openssl_missing.h:78:35: error: macro "EVP_MD_CTX_create" passed 1 arguments, but takes just 0
 EVP_MD_CTX *EVP_MD_CTX_create(void);
                                   ^
In file included from /usr/include/openssl/x509.h:23:0,
                 from /usr/include/openssl/x509_vfy.h:17,
                 from openssl_missing.c:15:
openssl_missing.h:82:6: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘(’ token
 void EVP_MD_CTX_init(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx);
      ^
openssl_missing.h:90:6: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘(’ token
 void EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx);
      ^
openssl_missing.c:39:23: error: macro "EVP_MD_CTX_create" passed 1 arguments, but takes just 0
 EVP_MD_CTX_create(void)
                       ^
openssl_missing.c:40:1: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘{’ token
 {
 ^
openssl_missing.c: In function ‘EVP_MD_CTX_cleanup’:
openssl_missing.c:55:27: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘EVP_MD_CTX {aka struct evp_md_ctx_st}’
     memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(EVP_MD_CTX));
                           ^~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/openssl/x509.h:23:0,
                 from /usr/include/openssl/x509_vfy.h:17,
                 from openssl_missing.c:15:
openssl_missing.c: At top level:
openssl_missing.c:63:1: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘(’ token
 EVP_MD_CTX_destroy(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx)
 ^
openssl_missing.c:72:1: error: expected declaration specifiers or ‘...’ before ‘(’ token
 EVP_MD_CTX_init(EVP_MD_CTX *ctx)
 ^
openssl_missing.c: In function ‘HMAC_CTX_init’:
openssl_missing.c:82:25: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type ‘HMAC_CTX {aka struct hmac_ctx_st}’
     EVP_MD_CTX_init(&ctx->i_ctx);
                         ^
openssl_missing.c: In function ‘HMAC_CTX_cleanup’:
openssl_missing.c:95:27: error: invalid application of ‘sizeof’ to incomplete type ‘HMAC_CTX {aka struct hmac_ctx_st}’
     memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(HMAC_CTX));
                           ^~~~~~~~
Makefile:301: recipe for target 'openssl_missing.o' failed
make[2]: *** [openssl_missing.o] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/gabriel/Downloads/ruby-2.3.7/ext/openssl'
exts.mk:212: recipe for target 'ext/openssl/all' failed
make[1]: *** [ext/openssl/all] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/gabriel/Downloads/ruby-2.3.7'
uncommon.mk:203: recipe for target 'build-ext' failed
make: *** [build-ext] Error 2

安装它需要做什么？或者无法再安装这些旧版本？

我有同样的问题，虽然问题似乎出在gcc，就我而言，问题在于libssl-dev，这对我有帮助：

sudo apt purge libssl-dev && sudo apt install libssl1.0-dev

I use rbenv。如果你使用rvm，运行上一个命令后您可能会遇到问题：

/usr/share/rvm/scripts/base: No such file or directory

我建议尝试rbenv。安装后libssl1.0-dev，一切都完美无缺。