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如何解决.NET Core包版本冲突

2024-01-29

我正在从 .NET MVC 5 Web 应用程序迁移到 .NET Core 2.2 Web API 项目以及五个 .NET Standard 2.0 项目，所有项目都托管在一个解决方案下。

我现在收到 28 个关于包冲突的警告 (MSB3277)，这些警告都在System命名空间。例如，似乎存在版本冲突System.Collections.Concurrent之间Version=4.0.11.0 and Version=4.0.14.0（参见下面的错误块）。

尝试进行故障排除：

  1. 我尝试卸载所有我不使用的 .NET Core SDK，目前有2.2.300安装。那没有用。
  2. 我尝试在解决方案级别进入 NuGet 来安装缺少的程序集，但是4.0.14甚至在选择列表中都不可用。我可以从以下版本中进行选择：4.3, 4.0.12, 4.0.10 and 4.0.0。我确实尝试安装4.3在所有项目中，但这并没有奏效。
  3. 网络上的其他解决方案似乎要么建议降低 SDK 的版本，要么在 *.csproj 文件中硬编码引用 - 如果不需要的话，我不喜欢这样做。我不喜欢前者，因为向后移动似乎违反直觉，我不喜欢后者，因为它硬编码了一个修复程序以永久使用旧的软件包，这似乎是一个非常糟糕的主意，因为它似乎不太可能更新到发布的新版本。

有谁知道如何解决这些警告？任何帮助是极大的赞赏。

警告之一的详细构建输出：

Line 5419: 3>    Dependency "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5420: 3>        Could not resolve this reference. Could not locate the assembly "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a". Check to make sure the assembly exists on disk. If this reference is required by your code, you may get compilation errors.
Line 5675: 3>    There was a conflict between "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5675: 3>    There was a conflict between "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a".
Line 5676: 3>        "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was chosen because it was primary and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was not.
Line 5676: 3>        "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was chosen because it was primary and "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.14.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" was not.
Line 5677: 3>        References which depend on "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder\netstandard.library\2.0.3\build\netstandard2.0\ref\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll].
Line 5677: 3>        References which depend on "System.Collections.Concurrent, Version=4.0.11.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a" [C:\Program Files\dotnet\sdk\NuGetFallbackFolder\netstandard.library\2.0.3\build\netstandard2.0\ref\System.Collections.Concurrent.dll].

Update

更多故障排除：

https://github.com/dotnet/standard/issues/731 https://github.com/dotnet/standard/issues/731

https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/32561 https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/issues/32561

这是微软的错误吗？

构建时的最小输出列出了所有 28 个警告：

3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections.Concurrent" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Collections.NonGeneric" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.ComponentModel" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Debug" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Process" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Diagnostics.Tracing" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.IO.FileSystem" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Linq" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Net.Primitives" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Net.Security" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Resources.ResourceManager" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime.Extensions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Algorithms" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Csp" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Encoding" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.Primitives" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Text.Encoding.Extensions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Text.RegularExpressions" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.Tasks" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.ThreadPool" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Threading.Timer" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.
3>C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Community\MSBuild\Current\Bin\Microsoft.Common.CurrentVersion.targets(2106,5): warning MSB3277: Found conflicts between different versions of "System.Memory" that could not be resolved.  These reference conflicts are listed in the build log when log verbosity is set to detailed.

这里的问题是至少“System.Collections.Concurrent”的强命名和混合程序集版本，但可能是所有 28 个警告。

我尝试在解决方案级别进入 NuGet 来安装缺少的程序集，但 4.0.14 在选择列表中甚至不可用。

您看到的版本是 NuGet 版本，与程序集版本不同。例如NuGet 版本 4.3.0-preview1-24530-04 具有适用于 .NET 标准 1.3 的程序集版本 4.0.13.0：

请注意，在同一个包中，netcore50的汇编版本是4.0.10.0！

这是微软的错误吗？

不，这是一个功能。当装配体强命名 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/app-domains/strong-named-assemblies.，那么完整版本应该匹配。如果没有，这将发出警告。如果不使用 GAC，则只能发布程序集的一个版本 - 那么如果使用多个版本，则发布哪一个版本？注意 - 所有 Microsoft 的程序集都是强命名的。

问题在这里：

  • 您正在包含一个针对 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集版本 4.0.14.0 构建的（强命名）程序集
  • 您在应用程序程序集版本 4.0.11.0 中（间接）使用 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集。

所以一次组装有两个版本！

解决方案

有多种可能的解决方案：

  1. 在各处使用相同的 System.Collections.Concurrent 程序集版本（您需要找出哪个 NuGet 包是程序集版本 4.0.14.0）。这在大多数情况下是不可行的。
  2. 将版本 4.0.11.0 和 4.0.14.0 安装到 GAC 中 - 如今这并不是一个真正流行的选项 -> 对于 .NET Core 来说这是不可能的，因为 .NET Core 没有 GAC。看.NET Core 是否有任何等效的 GAC？ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35538093/is-there-any-gac-equivalent-for-net-core

  3. Use a <bindingRedirect>在你的 .config 中。看重定向程序集版本 |微软文档 https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/configure-apps/redirect-assembly-versions

    例如对于“System.Collections.Concurrent”：

    <dependentAssembly>
    <assemblyIdentity name="System.Collections.Concurrent" publicKeyToken="b03f5f7f11d50a3a" culture="neutral" />
    <bindingRedirect oldVersion="4.0.0.0-4.0.14.0" newVersion="4.0.11.0" />
</dependentAssembly>

最后的笔记

有 28 个版本问题，但有一个很大的变化，即通过单个 BindingRedirect 解决了多个问题。因此，最好的方法是从一个开始（最好是最顶层的），然后重建并重复，直到所有问题都得到解决。

另请注意，降级程序集有点棘手，例如，基于 4.0.13.0 构建的程序集可以使用 4.0.11.0+ 中引入/更改的功能。因此，您还可以更新版本并在“newVersion”属性中使用该版本

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