python 请求和 cx_freeze

我试图冻结一个依赖于请求的 python 应用程序，但出现以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\packages\urllib3\util.py", line 630, in ssl_wrap_socket
    context.load_verify_locations(ca_certs)
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

似乎无法找到带有可执行文件的 ssl 证书。我发现this https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15157502/requests-library-missing-file-after-cx-freeze这似乎是同样的问题，但我无法弄清楚他们是如何让它发挥作用的。主要问题似乎是请求捆绑的证书没有复制到压缩库中。所以看来我必须强制 cx_freeze 捆绑证书，然后从我的脚本中指向它。

从这个简单的脚本开始一切正常：

import requests
r = requests.get("https://yourapihere.com")
print(r.json())

然后，如果我添加证书文件，我会收到错误：

import requests
r = requests.get("https://yourapihere.com", cert=requests.certs.where())
print(r.json())

-

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 480, in urlopen
    body=body, headers=headers)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 285, in _make_request
    conn.request(method, url, **httplib_request_kw)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1065, in request
    self._send_request(method, url, body, headers)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1103, in _send_request
    self.endheaders(body)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 1061, in endheaders
    self._send_output(message_body)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 906, in _send_output
    self.send(msg)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\http\client.py", line 844, in send
    self.connect()
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 164, in connect
    ssl_version=resolved_ssl_version)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\packages\urllib3\util.py", line 637, in ssl_wrap_socket
    context.load_cert_chain(certfile, keyfile)
ssl.SSLError: [SSL] PEM lib (_ssl.c:2155)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 330, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 504, in urlopen
    raise SSLError(e)
requests.packages.urllib3.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL] PEM lib (_ssl.c:2155)

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "example.py", line 10, in <module>
    r = requests.get("https://yourapihere.com", cert=requests.certs.where())
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 55, in get
    return request('get', url, **kwargs)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 44, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 383, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 486, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "c:\Python33\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 385, in send
    raise SSLError(e)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: [SSL] PEM lib (_ssl.c:2155)

我想我正在使用它正确地 http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#ssl-cert-verification，但无法真正弄清楚为什么它不起作用。我想修复此问题后我可以继续并将证书添加到 cx_freeze 捆绑包中，如下所示：

示例.py：

import os
import requests

cert = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(requests.__file__),'cacert.pem')
r = requests.get("https://yourapihere.com", cert=cert)
print(r.json())

设置.py：

from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable

import requests.certs
build_exe_options = {"zip_includes":[(requests.certs.where(),'requests/cacert.pem')]}

executables = [
    Executable('example.py')
]

setup(
      executables=executables
      )

如果有人能给我一个小费，我将不胜感激。

我从另一个对我有用的线程中找到了这条评论：https://stackoverflow.com/a/25239701/3935084 https://stackoverflow.com/a/25239701/3935084

总结如下：

您还可以使用环境变量“REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE”（如上所述http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#ssl-cert-verification http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#ssl-cert-verification)

这比纠正您的所有请求要简单得多：

os.environ["REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE"] = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), "cacert.pem")