将数据从宽变为长：基于列名称的新变量

我想将数据集从宽格式重塑为长格式。

该数据集包含 300 个变量，每个变量均按照以下原则命名：ModelID_Emotion_ModelGender。样本数据如下：

df <- structure(list(X71_Anger_Male = structure(c(3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("Anger", 
"Disgust", "Fear"), class = "factor"), X71_Disgus_Male = structure(c(2L, 
1L, 1L), .Label = c("Disgust", "Fear"), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-3L))

看起来像

  X71_Anger_Male X71_Disgus_Male
1           Fear            Fear
2          Anger         Disgust
3        Disgust         Disgust

我想以一种方式转置数据，即获取列名称中的信息并将其放入新变量中。例如，应该有一个新变量ModelGender、一个新变量modelID和一个新变量emotion。所以数据集应该是这样的：

desired <- structure(list(Gender = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "Male", class = "factor"), 
    ModelNumber = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "X71", class = "factor"), 
    Emotion = structure(c(2L, 2L, 2L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = c("Anger", 
    "Disgust"), class = "factor"), Response = structure(c(3L, 
    2L, 2L, 3L, 1L, 2L), .Label = c("Anger", "Disgust", "Fear"
    ), class = "factor")), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-6L))

应该看起来像

  Gender ModelNumber Emotion Response
1   Male         X71 Disgust     Fear
2   Male         X71 Disgust  Disgust
3   Male         X71 Disgust  Disgust
4   Male         X71   Anger     Fear
5   Male         X71   Anger    Anger
6   Male         X71   Anger  Disgust

当我使用重塑或聚集/传播或熔化/铸造时，它不会给出所需的结果。有谁知道如何做到这一点？

感谢您的时间！

您可以简单地转换为长并拆分您想要的列。通过 tidyverse 方法的一种方式可以是，

library(dplyr)
library(tidyr)

df %>% 
 pivot_longer(everything()) %>% 
 separate(name, into = c('ModelNumber', 'Emotion', 'Gender'), sep = '_')