如何用PIL确定ICO图像的透明颜色指数？

具体来说，这是来自 .ico 文件，因此不存在像 gif 中那样的“透明”“信息”属性。下面的示例说明了使用正确的透明度索引“0”将 Yahoo! 的图标转换为 png，这是我猜测的。如何检测 ico 实际上是透明的并且透明度索引为 0 ？

import urllib2
import Image
import StringIO

resp = urllib2.urlopen("http://www.yahoo.com/favicon.ico")
image = Image.open(StringIO.StringIO(resp.read()))

f = file("test.png", "w")

# I guessed that the transparent index is 0.  how to
# determine it correctly ?
image.save(f, "PNG", quality=95, transparency=0)

看起来有人认识到 PIL 并没有真正正确地读取 ICO（在将其源代码与 ICO 格式的一些研究进行协调后，我可以看到同样的事情 - 有一个 AND 位图决定透明度） 并想出了这个扩展：

http://www.djangosnippets.org/snippets/1287/ http://www.djangosnippets.org/snippets/1287/

因为这对于非 django 应用程序很有用，所以我在此处重新发布了对其异常抛出的一些调整：

import operator
import struct

from PIL import BmpImagePlugin, PngImagePlugin, Image


def load_icon(file, index=None):
    '''
    Load Windows ICO image.

    See http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=264332061 for file format
    description.
    '''
    if isinstance(file, basestring):
        file = open(file, 'rb')

    try:
        header = struct.unpack('<3H', file.read(6))
    except:
        raise IOError('Not an ICO file')

    # Check magic
    if header[:2] != (0, 1):
        raise IOError('Not an ICO file')

    # Collect icon directories
    directories = []
    for i in xrange(header[2]):
        directory = list(struct.unpack('<4B2H2I', file.read(16)))
        for j in xrange(3):
            if not directory[j]:
                directory[j] = 256

        directories.append(directory)

    if index is None:
        # Select best icon
        directory = max(directories, key=operator.itemgetter(slice(0, 3)))
    else:
        directory = directories[index]

    # Seek to the bitmap data
    file.seek(directory[7])

    prefix = file.read(16)
    file.seek(-16, 1)

    if PngImagePlugin._accept(prefix):
        # Windows Vista icon with PNG inside
        image = PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile(file)
    else:
        # Load XOR bitmap
        image = BmpImagePlugin.DibImageFile(file)
        if image.mode == 'RGBA':
            # Windows XP 32-bit color depth icon without AND bitmap
            pass
        else:
            # Patch up the bitmap height
            image.size = image.size[0], image.size[1] >> 1
            d, e, o, a = image.tile[0]
            image.tile[0] = d, (0, 0) + image.size, o, a

            # Calculate AND bitmap dimensions. See
            # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=264236948#Pixel_storage
            # for description
            offset = o + a[1] * image.size[1]
            stride = ((image.size[0] + 31) >> 5) << 2
            size = stride * image.size[1]

            # Load AND bitmap
            file.seek(offset)
            string = file.read(size)
            mask = Image.fromstring('1', image.size, string, 'raw',
                                    ('1;I', stride, -1))

            image = image.convert('RGBA')
            image.putalpha(mask)

    return image