Haskell：通用 IORef、MVar？

我创建了以下特定于 IO monad 的函数：

memoIO :: MonadIO m => m a -> IO (m a)
memoIO action = do
  ref <- newMVar Nothing
  return $ do
    x <- maybe action return =<< liftIO (takeMVar ref)
    liftIO . putMVar ref $ Just x
    return x

用法示例：

main :: IO ()
main = do
  p <- memoIO $ putStrLn "hello"
  p
  p

Prints "hello" once.

我希望（一个小烦恼）让它在尽可能多的情况下工作（不仅仅是在 IO 中）。

我在 hackage 上找到了 stateref，我的代码如下所示：

{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts, FlexibleInstances, MultiParamTypeClasses, Rank2Types, UndecidableInstances #-}

import Data.MRef

class (NewMRef r m a, DefaultMRef r m a, PutMRef r m a, TakeMRef r m a) => MRef r m a
instance (NewMRef r m a, DefaultMRef r m a, PutMRef r m a, TakeMRef r m a) => MRef r m a

memo :: (MRef r m (Maybe a), Monad s) => (forall x. m x -> s x) -> s a -> m (s a)
memo liftFunc action = do
  ref <- newDefaultMRef Nothing
  return $ do
    x <- maybe action return =<< liftFunc (takeDefaultMRef ref)
    liftFunc . putDefaultMRef ref $ Just x
    return x

有没有 stateref 的替代方案或者比我更好的使用方法？

我重写了一个俗气的小东西MonadRef在几个不同的场合供我个人使用，有人可能在 Hackage 上有一个，但我找不到一个没有其他包袱的。

class Monad m => MonadRef m where
    type Ref m :: * -> *
    newRef :: a -> Ref m a
    writeRef :: Ref m a -> -> m ()
    readRef :: Ref m a -> m a

instance MonadRef IO where
    type Ref IO = IORef
    newRef = newIORef
    writeRef = writeIORef
    readRef = writeIORef

instance MonadRef STM where
    type Ref STM = TVar
    ...


instance MonadRef (ST s) where
    type Ref (ST s) = STRef s
    ...

然后很容易抽象出你的记忆例程（尽管你可能想替换IORef在这种情况下与MVar.)

[编辑：澄清用语]