如何使用 python 2.7 64 位在 virtualenv 中安装 pywin32？

我想知道使用 64 位 python 2.7 pywin32 模块在 virtualenv 上安装的正确方法（操作系统是 Windows 7 64 位）。
我找到了 exe 安装程序来源锻造 http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/Build216/pywin32-216.win-amd64-py2.7.exe.

当我首先在命令行上运行 easy_installer 时，一切正常，但很快我就看到了奇怪的行为：当 pywin32-216.win-amd64-py2.7 安装时，它运行 pywin32-216-py2.7-win32.egg 并且失败并出现错误：

No local packages or download links found for pywin32==216
Best match: None

这是我的完整日志：

(sandbox_virtenv) D:\test\py2exe_test>easy_install http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/Build216/pywin32-216.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
Downloading http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/Build216/pywin32-216.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
Processing pywin32-216.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
pywintypes: module references __file__
win32evtlogutil: module references __file__
win32serviceutil: module references __file__
win32timezone: module references __file__
Demos.win32rcparser_demo: module references __file__
Demos.security.sspi.validate_password: module references __file__
isapi.install: module references __file__
isapi.samples.advanced: module references __file__
isapi.samples.test: module references __file__
isapi.test.setup: module references __file__
pywin.framework.scriptutils: module references __file__
pywin.framework.startup: module references __path__
pywin.scintilla.config: module references __path__
pywin.scintilla.control: module references __file__
pywin.scintilla.IDLEenvironment: module references __file__
scripts.regsetup: module references __file__
scripts.setup_d: module references __file__
test.testall: module references __file__
test.test_clipboard: module references __file__
test.test_win32api: module references __file__
test.test_win32rcparser: module references __file__
D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\bdist_egg.py:422: UnicodeWarning: Unicode equal comparison failed to convert both arguments to Unicode - interpreting them as being unequal
  symbols = dict.fromkeys(iter_symbols(code))
test.test_win32trace: module references __file__
win32com.__init__: module references __path__
win32com.server.register: module references __file__
win32com.server.register: module references __path__
win32com.test.GenTestScripts: module references __path__
win32com.test.pippo_server: module references __file__
win32com.test.testall: module references __file__
win32com.test.testAXScript: module references __path__
win32com.test.testDictionary: module references __file__
win32com.test.testPippo: module references __file__
win32com.test.testPyComTest: module references __file__
win32com.test.testServers: module references __file__
win32com.test.util: module references __file__
win32comext.adsi.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.authorization.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.axcontrol.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.axdebug.codecontainer: module references __file__
win32comext.axdebug.debugger: module references __file__
win32comext.axdebug.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.axscript.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.bits.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.directsound.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.directsound.test.ds_test: module references __file__
win32comext.internet.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.mapi.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.shell.__init__: module references __path__
win32comext.shell.demos.servers.empty_volume_cache: module references __file__
win32comext.shell.demos.servers.folder_view: module references __file__
win32comext.taskscheduler.__init__: module references __path__
creating 'c:\users\antp~1.kyi\appdata\local\temp\easy_install-kclmxk\pywin32-216-py2.7-win32.egg' and adding 'c:\users\antp~1.kyi\appdata\local\temp\easy_install-kclmxk\pywin32-216-py2.7-win32.egg.tmp' to it
creating d:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\pywin32-216-py2.7-win32.egg
Extracting pywin32-216-py2.7-win32.egg to d:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages
Adding pywin32 216 to easy-install.pth file
Installing pywin32_postinstall.py script to D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\Scripts
Installing pywin32_postinstall.pyc script to D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\Scripts
Installing pywin32_testall.py script to D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\Scripts
Installing pywin32_testall.pyc script to D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\Scripts

Installed d:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\pywin32-216-py2.7-win32.egg
Processing dependencies for pywin32==216
Searching for pywin32==216
Reading http://pypi.python.org/simple/pywin32/
Reading http://sf.net/projects/pywin32
Reading https://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/pywin32/
Reading http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=78018
No local packages or download links found for pywin32==216
Best match: None
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\Scripts\easy_install-script.py", line 8, in <module>
    load_entry_point('setuptools==0.6c11', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install')()
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 1712, in main
    with_ei_usage(lambda:
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 1700, in with_ei_usage
    return f()
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 1716, in <lambda>
    distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw
  File "c:\Python27\Lib\distutils\core.py", line 152, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "c:\Python27\Lib\distutils\dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "c:\Python27\Lib\distutils\dist.py", line 972, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 211, in run
    self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps)
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 422, in easy_install
    return self.install_item(None, download, tmpdir, deps, True)
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 478, in install_item
    self.process_distribution(spec, dist, deps)
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 519, in process_distribution
    [requirement], self.local_index, self.easy_install
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\pkg_resources.py", line 563, in resolve
    dist = best[req.key] = env.best_match(req, self, installer)
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\pkg_resources.py", line 799, in best_match
    return self.obtain(req, installer) # try and download/install
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\pkg_resources.py", line 811, in obtain
    return installer(requirement)
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\command\easy_install.py", line 434, in easy_install
    self.local_index
  File "D:\test\sandbox_virtenv\lib\site-packages\setuptools-0.6c11-py2.7.egg\setuptools\package_index.py", line 475, in fetch_distribution
    return dist.clone(location=self.download(dist.location, tmpdir))
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'clone'

(sandbox_virtenv) D:\test\py2exe_test>

现在我可以从 python win32api 导入，这很令人困惑

(sandbox_virtenv) D:\test\py2exe_test>python
Python 2.7.2 (default, Jun 12 2011, 14:24:46) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import win32api
>>>

如果您发现这里有不清楚的地方问我。感谢您的建议。

我明白了这一点，但过程并不愉快。

PyWin32安装程序存在3个问题：

1. 它从注册表中读取你的 python 安装位置。
2. 假设您的 lib 目录是包含 python.exe 的目录的子目录
3. 它将 3 个 dll 转储到 %WINDIR%\system32

因此，如果您在 64 位 Windows 上运行 64 位 python 2.7 或在 32 位 Windows 上运行 32，并且您的虚拟环境位于 c:\scratch\env1\ 中，则过程如下所示：

1. 将 python.exe 和 pythonw.exe 从 c:\scratch\env1\scripts 复制到 c:\scratch\env1
2. 将注册表项 HKLM\SOFTWARE\Python\PythonCore\2.7\InstallPath\ 中的值“(默认)”更新为“c:\scratch\env1\”（确保记录旧值。）
3. 从已激活虚拟环境的命令行中，直接运行 installer.exe 来安装 PyWin32。不要使用 easy_install。
4. 将 InstallPath 注册表项设置回原始值
5. 从 c:\scratch\env1\ 中删除 python.exe 和 pythonw.exe
6. 将 pythoncom27.dll、pywintypes27.dll 和 pythoncomloader27.dll 从 %WINDIR%\system32\ 移动到 c:\scratch\env1\ （不要移动 python27.dll 否则你会后悔的）

这足以在虚拟环境中运行 django-mssql，而无需在虚拟环境之外安装 pywin32。