Tkinter 按钮的突出显示对我不起作用

根据已接受的答案这个帖子 https://stackoverflow.com/a/53648642/7475225指某东西的用途.configure(highlightbackground='red')按钮上应该在按钮周围应用颜色，但是在测试中我无法重现海报在其 gif 录制中演示的内容。

这是我的测试用例：（注意，即使复制粘贴海报代码，我也无法获得它们显示的突出显示效果）

import tkinter as tk


root = tk.Tk()

btn = tk.Button(root, text='test', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=4, activebackground="#ffffff",
                activeforeground="#000000", highlightbackground='red', highlightcolor='red')
btn.pack()
btn.focus_set()
root.mainloop()

结果应用程序：

经过一些广泛的搜索，我没有找到太多highlightbackground以对同一问题进行问答的方式，所以可能缺少某些内容。我也尝试将焦点设置为本文档 https://www.tutorialspoint.com/python/tk_colors.htm表明小部件需要焦点，但结果相同。

也许它可能与版本或操作系统相关......

操作系统 - Windows 10 专业版

Python-3.6.2

使用 Krrr 的帖子更新了示例。所以现在这确实有点工作，但是这里的问题是它正在调整按钮的大小并且没有提供正确的突出显示颜色。

import tkinter as tk


def ResponsiveWidget(widget, *args, **kwargs):
    bindings = {
        '<FocusIn>': {'highlightbackground': 'red', 'highlightcolor':'red'},
        '<FocusOut>': {'highlightbackground': '#d9d9d9', 'highlightcolor':'SystemButtonFace'},
        '<Enter>': {'state': 'active'},
        '<Leave>': {'state': 'normal'}
    }
    for k, v in bindings.items():
        root.bind_class('Button', k, lambda e, kwarg=v: e.widget.config(**kwarg))


def update_active(event):
    global previous_button
    if previous_button != event.widget:
        previous_button.config(default='normal')
        event.widget.config(default='active')
        previous_button = event.widget


root = tk.Tk()
button_list = []
previous_button = None

for i in range(5):
    if i == 0:
        button_list.append(tk.Button(root, text='test', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=5,
                                     activebackground="#ffffff", activeforeground="#000000", default='active'))
        previous_button = button_list[-1]
    else:
        button_list.append(tk.Button(root, text='test', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=5,
                                     activebackground="#ffffff", activeforeground="#000000", default='normal'))
    button_list[-1].pack(padx=5, pady=5)
    button_list[-1].bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', update_active)

root.mainloop()

Results:

期待：

不幸的是，Windows 操作系统似乎没有触发state and default小部件配置正确。不过，这可以通过您自己的绑定来实现。

如果您只有少数需要此行为的小部件，您可以创建一个小部件包装器：

def ResponsiveWidget(widget, *args, **kwargs):
    bindings = {
        '<FocusIn>': {'default':'active'},    # for Keyboard focus
        '<FocusOut>': {'default': 'normal'},  
        '<Enter>': {'state': 'active'},       # for Mouse focus
        '<Leave>': {'state': 'normal'}
    }
    # Create the widget instance
    w = widget(*args, **kwargs)

    # Set the bindings for the widget instance
    for k, v in bindings.items():
        w.bind(k, lambda e, kwarg=v: e.widget.config(**kwarg))

    # Remember to return the created and binded widget
    return w

btn = ResponsiveWidget(tk.Button, root, text='test3', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=10, activebackground="#ffffff",
                activeforeground="#000000", highlightbackground='red', highlightcolor='green')

btn2 = ResponsiveWidget(tk.Button, root, text='test4', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=10, activebackground="#ffffff",
                activeforeground="#000000", highlightbackground='green', highlightcolor='red')

另一方面，如果您希望小部件的整个类始终正确触发默认/状态，您可以使用bind_class反而：

bindings = {
    '<FocusIn>': {'default':'active'},    # for Keyboard focus
    '<FocusOut>': {'default': 'normal'},  
    '<Enter>': {'state': 'active'},       # for Mouse focus
    '<Leave>': {'state': 'normal'}
}
for k, v in bindings.items():
    root.bind_class('Button', k, lambda e, kwarg=v: e.widget.config(**kwarg))

这似乎触发事件就好了。

如果您只想复制突出显示颜色的功能，则不太理想的方法是更改highlightcolor改为焦点配置：

bindings = {
        '<FocusIn>': {'highlightcolor':'red'},
        '<FocusOut>': {'highlightcolor': 'SystemButtonFace'},
        '<Enter>': {'state': 'active'},
        '<Leave>': {'state': 'normal'}
    }
for k, v in bindings.items():
    root.bind_class('Button', k, lambda e, kwarg=v: e.widget.config(**kwarg))

# Note this method requires you to set the default='active' for your buttons

btn = tk.Button(root, text='test', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=10, activebackground="#ffffff",
                activeforeground="#000000", highlightcolor='SystemButtonFace', default='active')

# ...

我认为这更像是一种 hacky 方法。

编辑：为了完整起见，这里有一个 MCVE 使用bind_class:

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
bindings = {
        '<FocusIn>': {'highlightcolor':'red'},
        '<FocusOut>': {'highlightcolor': 'SystemButtonFace'},
        '<Enter>': {'state': 'active'},
        '<Leave>': {'state': 'normal'}
    } 

for k, v in bindings.items():
    root.bind_class('Button', k, lambda e, kwarg=v: e.widget.config(**kwarg))

btns = list(range(5))
for btn in btns:
    btns[btn] = tk.Button(root, text='test', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=5, activebackground="#ffffff",
        activeforeground="#000000", highlightcolor='SystemButtonFace', default='active', padx=5, pady=5)
    btns[btn].pack()

btns[0].focus_set()
root.mainloop()

和 MCVE 使用ResponsiveWidget功能：

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
def ResponsiveWidget(widget, *args, **kwargs):
    bindings = {
        '<FocusIn>': {'highlightcolor':'red'},    # for Keyboard focus
        '<FocusOut>': {'highlightcolor': 'SystemButtonFace'},  
        '<Enter>': {'state': 'active'},       # for Mouse focus
        '<Leave>': {'state': 'normal'}
    }
    # Create the widget instance
    w = widget(*args, **kwargs)

    # Set the bindings for the widget instance
    for k, v in bindings.items():
        w.bind(k, lambda e, kwarg=v: e.widget.config(**kwarg))

    # Remember to return the created and binded widget
    return w

btns = list(range(5))
for btn in btns:
    btns[btn] = ResponsiveWidget(tk.Button, root, text=f'test{btn}', bg="#000000", fg="#ffffff", highlightthickness=10, activebackground="#ffffff",
        activeforeground="#000000", highlightcolor='SystemButtonFace', default='active', padx=5, pady=5)
    btns[btn].pack()

btns[0].focus_set()
root.mainloop()