在 C++ 中获取所有打开的窗口的列表并存储它们

我目前正在尝试获取所有打开的窗口的列表并将它们存储在向量中。我一直在查看代码，以至于解决方案可能非常简单，但如果没有全局变量（我想避免），我似乎无法完成它。

这是代码：

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "json.h"
#include <algorithm>  

using namespace std;
vector<string> vec;


BOOL CALLBACK speichereFenster(HWND hwnd, LPARAM substring){
    const DWORD TITLE_SIZE = 1024;
    TCHAR windowTitle[TITLE_SIZE];

    GetWindowText(hwnd, windowTitle, TITLE_SIZE);
    int length = ::GetWindowTextLength(hwnd);

    wstring temp(&windowTitle[0]);
    string title(temp.begin(), temp.end());



    if (!IsWindowVisible(hwnd) || length == 0 || title == "Program Manager") {
        return TRUE;
    }

    vec.push_back(title);

    return TRUE;
}

int main() {
    EnumWindows(speichereFenster, NULL);
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}

我想将所有标题存储在向量中，但我不知道如何存储，因为我无法将向量传递到函数中......

谢谢！！！

第二个参数（lParam) to 枚举窗口 https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms633497.aspx记录为：

要传递给回调函数的应用程序定义的值。

只需将您的容器传递给 API 调用即可：

int main() {
    std::vector<std::wstring> titles;
    EnumWindows(speichereFenster, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&titles));
    // At this point, titles if fully populated and could be displayed, e.g.:
    for ( const auto& title : titles )
        std::wcout << L"Title: " << title << std::endl;
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}

并在回调中使用它：

BOOL CALLBACK speichereFenster(HWND hwnd, LPARAM lParam){
    const DWORD TITLE_SIZE = 1024;
    WCHAR windowTitle[TITLE_SIZE];

    GetWindowTextW(hwnd, windowTitle, TITLE_SIZE);

    int length = ::GetWindowTextLength(hwnd);
    wstring title(&windowTitle[0]);
    if (!IsWindowVisible(hwnd) || length == 0 || title == L"Program Manager") {
        return TRUE;
    }

    // Retrieve the pointer passed into this callback, and re-'type' it.
    // The only way for a C API to pass arbitrary data is by means of a void*.
    std::vector<std::wstring>& titles =
                              *reinterpret_cast<std::vector<std::wstring>*>(lParam);
    titles.push_back(title);

    return TRUE;
}

Notes:

• 所提供的代码使用std::wstring代替std::string。这是必须的，以便可以表示整个字符集。
• As written, the code isn't correct. There are (invisible) code paths, that have no well-defined meaning. The Windows API is strictly exposed as a C interface. As such, it doesn't understand C++ exceptions. Particularly with callbacks it is vital to never let C++ exceptions travel across unknown stack frames. To fix the code apply the following changes:
  • [仅限 C++11] 标记回调noexcept https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/noexcept_spec.
  • 将整个回调包装在一个试着抓 https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/try_catch阻止并适当处理任何异常。
  • [仅限 C++11] 使用 C++11，您可以通过传递 a 来跨未知堆栈帧传递 C++ 异常std::Exception_ptr https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/exception_ptr，并调用std::rethrow_Exception https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/error/rethrow_exception在呼叫站点。