如何像在 Matlab 中一样在 Java 中绘制绘图（相同语法）

在 Matlab 中绘图非常简单明了。例如：

figure('Position_',[100,80,1000,600])         
plot(x,y1,'-.or','MarkerSize',0.2,'MarkerFaceColor','r','LineWidth',2)
xlabel('Matrix1')
ylabel('Matrix2')
grid on 
hold on
axis([-1,1,0,var1*1.2])
plot(x,y2,'-k','MarkerSize',0.5,'MarkerFaceColor','k','LineWidth',4)
title('My plot')
figuresdir = 'dir'; 
saveas(gcf,strcat(figuresdir, 'plotimage'), 'bmp');

然而，我发现用 Java 绘图更困难，我必须使用像 or 自由图表 http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/。但是，我发现使用这些包合并绘图并将其打印到文件中很困难。

有没有一种简单的方法可以在 Java 中使用与 Matlab 相同的语法来绘制图形？

Matlab 是专门为使绘图等事情变得尽可能简单而设计的。其他语言根本不支持快速简单的绘图。

因此我决定编写一个基于 Matlab 风格的图表类自由图表 http://www.jfree.org/jfreechart/， 只为你：

import java.awt.BasicStroke;
import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Stroke;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;

import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory;
import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities;
import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart;
import org.jfree.chart.annotations.XYTitleAnnotation;
import org.jfree.chart.axis.NumberAxis;
import org.jfree.chart.block.BlockBorder;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.PlotOrientation;
import org.jfree.chart.plot.XYPlot;
import org.jfree.chart.title.LegendTitle;
import org.jfree.data.xy.XYSeries;
import org.jfree.data.xy.XYSeriesCollection;
import org.jfree.ui.RectangleAnchor;
import org.jfree.ui.RectangleEdge;


public class MatlabChart {

    Font font;
    JFreeChart chart;
    LegendTitle legend;
    ArrayList<Color> colors;
    ArrayList<Stroke> strokes;
    XYSeriesCollection dataset;

    public MatlabChart() {
        font = JFreeChart.DEFAULT_TITLE_FONT;
        colors = new ArrayList<Color>();
        strokes = new ArrayList<Stroke>();
        dataset = new XYSeriesCollection();
    }

    public void plot(double[] x, double[] y, String spec, float lineWidth, String title) {
        final XYSeries series = new XYSeries(title);
        for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++)
            series.add(x[i],y[i]);
        dataset.addSeries(series);
        FindColor(spec,lineWidth);
    }

    public void RenderPlot() {
        // Create chart
        JFreeChart chart = null;
        if (dataset != null && dataset.getSeriesCount() > 0)
            chart = ChartFactory.createXYLineChart(null,null,null,dataset,PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,true, false, false);
        else
            System.out.println(" [!] First create a chart and add data to it. The plot is empty now!");
        // Add customization options to chart
        XYPlot plot = chart.getXYPlot();
        for (int i = 0; i < colors.size(); i++) {
            plot.getRenderer().setSeriesPaint(i, colors.get(i));
            plot.getRenderer().setSeriesStroke(i, strokes.get(i));
        }
        ((NumberAxis)plot.getDomainAxis()).setAutoRangeIncludesZero(false);
        ((NumberAxis)plot.getRangeAxis()).setAutoRangeIncludesZero(false);
        plot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.WHITE);
        legend = chart.getLegend();
        chart.removeLegend();
        this.chart = chart;
    }

    public void CheckExists() {
        if (chart == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("First plot something in the chart before you modify it.");
        }
    }

    public void font(String name, int fontSize) {
        CheckExists();
        font = new Font(name, Font.PLAIN, fontSize);
        chart.getTitle().setFont(font);
        chart.getXYPlot().getDomainAxis().setLabelFont(font);
        chart.getXYPlot().getDomainAxis().setTickLabelFont(font);
        chart.getXYPlot().getRangeAxis().setLabelFont(font);
        chart.getXYPlot().getRangeAxis().setTickLabelFont(font);
        legend.setItemFont(font);
    }

    public void title(String title) {
        CheckExists();
        chart.setTitle(title);
    }

    public void xlim(double l, double u) {
        CheckExists();
        chart.getXYPlot().getDomainAxis().setRange(l, u);
    }

    public void ylim(double l, double u) {
        CheckExists();
        chart.getXYPlot().getRangeAxis().setRange(l, u);
    }

    public void xlabel(String label) {
        CheckExists();
        chart.getXYPlot().getDomainAxis().setLabel(label);
    }

    public void ylabel(String label) {
        CheckExists();
        chart.getXYPlot().getRangeAxis().setLabel(label);
    }

    public void legend(String position) {
        CheckExists();
        legend.setItemFont(font);
        legend.setBackgroundPaint(Color.WHITE);
        legend.setFrame(new BlockBorder(Color.BLACK));
        if (position.toLowerCase().equals("northoutside")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.TOP);
            chart.addLegend(legend);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("eastoutside")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.RIGHT);
            chart.addLegend(legend);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("southoutside")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.BOTTOM);
            chart.addLegend(legend);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("westoutside")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.LEFT);
            chart.addLegend(legend);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("north")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.TOP);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.50,0.98,legend,RectangleAnchor.TOP);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("northeast")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.TOP);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.98,0.98,legend,RectangleAnchor.TOP_RIGHT);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("east")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.RIGHT);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.98,0.50,legend,RectangleAnchor.RIGHT);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("southeast")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.BOTTOM);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.98,0.02,legend,RectangleAnchor.BOTTOM_RIGHT);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("south")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.BOTTOM);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.50,0.02,legend,RectangleAnchor.BOTTOM);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("southwest")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.BOTTOM);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.02,0.02,legend,RectangleAnchor.BOTTOM_LEFT);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("west")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.LEFT);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.02,0.50,legend,RectangleAnchor.LEFT);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        } else if (position.toLowerCase().equals("northwest")) {
            legend.setPosition(RectangleEdge.TOP);
            XYTitleAnnotation ta = new XYTitleAnnotation(0.02,0.98,legend,RectangleAnchor.TOP_LEFT);
            chart.getXYPlot().addAnnotation(ta);
        }
    }

    public void grid(String xAxis, String yAxis) {
        CheckExists();
        if (xAxis.equalsIgnoreCase("on")){
            chart.getXYPlot().setDomainGridlinesVisible(true);
            chart.getXYPlot().setDomainMinorGridlinesVisible(true);
            chart.getXYPlot().setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.GRAY);
        } else {
            chart.getXYPlot().setDomainGridlinesVisible(false);
            chart.getXYPlot().setDomainMinorGridlinesVisible(false);
        }
        if (yAxis.equalsIgnoreCase("on")){
            chart.getXYPlot().setRangeGridlinesVisible(true);
            chart.getXYPlot().setRangeMinorGridlinesVisible(true);
            chart.getXYPlot().setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.GRAY);
        } else {
            chart.getXYPlot().setRangeGridlinesVisible(false);
            chart.getXYPlot().setRangeMinorGridlinesVisible(false);
        }
    }

    public void saveas(String fileName, int width, int height) {
        CheckExists();
        File file = new File(fileName); 
        try {
            ChartUtilities.saveChartAsJPEG(file,this.chart,width,height);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }  
    }

    public void FindColor(String spec, float lineWidth) {
        float dash[] = {5.0f};
        float dot[] = {lineWidth};
        Color color = Color.RED;                    // Default color is red
        Stroke stroke = new BasicStroke(lineWidth); // Default stroke is line   
        if (spec.contains("-"))
            stroke = new BasicStroke(lineWidth);
        else if (spec.contains(":"))
            stroke = new BasicStroke(lineWidth, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER, 10.0f, dash, 0.0f);
        else if (spec.contains("."))
            stroke = new BasicStroke(lineWidth, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER, 2.0f, dot, 0.0f);
        if (spec.contains("y"))
            color = Color.YELLOW;
        else if (spec.contains("m"))
            color = Color.MAGENTA;
        else if (spec.contains("c"))
            color = Color.CYAN;
        else if (spec.contains("r"))
            color = Color.RED;
        else if (spec.contains("g"))
            color = Color.GREEN;
        else if (spec.contains("b"))
            color = Color.BLUE;
        else if (spec.contains("k"))
            color = Color.BLACK;
        colors.add(color);
        strokes.add(stroke);
    }
}

这样，您就可以使用与 Matlab 非常接近的语法在 Java 中进行绘图：

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // Create some sample data
        double[] x = new double[100]; x[0] = 1;
        double[] y1 = new double[100]; y1[0] = 200;
        double[] y2 = new double[100]; y2[0] = 300;
        for(int i = 1; i < x.length; i++){
            x[i] = i+1; 
            y1[i] = y1[i-1] + Math.random()*10 - 4;
            y2[i] = y2[i-1] + Math.random()*10 - 6;
        }

        // JAVA:                             // MATLAB:
        MatlabChart fig = new MatlabChart(); // figure('Position',[100 100 640 480]);
        fig.plot(x, y1, "-r", 2.0f, "AAPL"); // plot(x,y1,'-r','LineWidth',2);
        fig.plot(x, y2, ":k", 3.0f, "BAC");  // plot(x,y2,':k','LineWidth',3);
        fig.RenderPlot();                    // First render plot before modifying
        fig.title("Stock 1 vs. Stock 2");    // title('Stock 1 vs. Stock 2');
        fig.xlim(10, 100);                   // xlim([10 100]);
        fig.ylim(200, 300);                  // ylim([200 300]);
        fig.xlabel("Days");                  // xlabel('Days');
        fig.ylabel("Price");                 // ylabel('Price');
        fig.grid("on","on");                 // grid on;
        fig.legend("northeast");             // legend('AAPL','BAC','Location','northeast')
        fig.font("Helvetica",15);            // .. 'FontName','Helvetica','FontSize',15
        fig.saveas("MyPlot.jpeg",640,480);   // saveas(gcf,'MyPlot','jpeg');
    }
}

现在我们可以将最终的 JFreeChart 图形与我们从这段代码中获得的相同 Matlab 图形进行比较：

figure('Position',[100 100 640 480]); hold all;
plot(x,y1,'-r','LineWidth',2);
plot(x,y2,':k','LineWidth',3);
title('Stock 1 vs. Stock 2');
xlim([10 100]);
ylim([200 300]);
xlabel('Days');
ylabel('Price');
grid on;
legend('AAPL','BAC','Location','northeast');
saveas(gcf,'MyPlot','jpeg');

结果Java（使用 MatlabChart() 类）：

结果Matlab：

The MatlabChart()我编写的类支持 Matlab 中的一些基本绘图语法。您可以指示线条样式（:,-,.），更改线条颜色（y,m,c,r,g,b,w,k），改变LineWidth并更改图例的位置（northoutside,eastoutside,soutoutside, westoutside,north,east,south,west,northeast,southeast,southwest,northwest）。您还可以将gridx 轴和 y 轴独立打开。例如：grid("off","on");转动x轴网格off并转动y轴网格on.

对于那些习惯在 Matlab 中绘图的人来说，这应该会让 Java 绘图变得更加容易:)