如何使 HSQL 驱动程序正常工作？

我目前正在学习 Java 中的一些数据库技巧，我发现我正在读的这本好书。 在某些时候，它鼓励我尝试与以下类进行手动数据库连接：

import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;

public class DemoSelect {

    public static void main(final String[] arguments) {

        // Connection parameters
        String usr = "sa";
        String pwd = "";
        String driver = "org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver";
        String url = "jdbc:hsqldb:hsql://localhost/xdb";

        Connection con = null;
        PreparedStatement pstm = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;

        try {
            // Starting up the driver
            Class.forName(driver);

            // Connecting
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, usr, pwd);

            // Writing a query
            String sql = "SELECT empno, ename, hiredate, deptno FROM emp";

            // Setting up the SQL statement
            pstm = con.prepareStatement(sql);

            // Execute the SQL query
            rs = pstm.executeQuery();

            // Iterating the results
            while (rs.next()) {

                // Simple method to show the data
                System.out.print(rs.getInt("empno") + ", ");
                System.out.print(rs.getString("ename") +  ", ");
                System.out.print(rs.getDate("hiredate") + ", ");
                System.out.println(rs.getInt("deptno"));
            }
        } catch(final Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException(e);

        } finally {
            try {

                // Closing all the opened resources
                if (rs != null) rs.close();
                if (pstm != null) pstm.close();
                if (con != null) con.close();
            } catch(final Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
    }
}

但是当我尝试运行它时，它会生成一个错误，其描述如下：

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:423)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356)
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:186)
    at cap3.jdbc.DemoSelect.main(DemoSelect.java:25)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException:      org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
        at cap3.jdbc.DemoSelect.main(DemoSelect.java:53)
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:366)
        at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:355)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:354)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:423)
    at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:308)
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:356)
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:186)
    at cap3.jdbc.DemoSelect.main(DemoSelect.java:25)
 Java Result: 1
 BUILD SUCCESSFUL(total time: 0 seconds)`

我可能会错过什么？

我正在使用 NetBeans 并且下载了 HSQL 驱动程序。我设法将 .jar 文件导入到库中，但收到以下错误代码：

java.sql.SQLTransientConnectionException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.Util.sqlException(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.Util.sqlException(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver.connect(Unknown Source)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:579)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:221)
at cap3.jdbc.DemoSelect.main(DemoSelect.java:28)
Caused by: org.hsqldb.HsqlException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at org.hsqldb.ClientConnection.openConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.ClientConnection.initConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.ClientConnection.<init>(Unknown Source)
... 6 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.connect0(Native Method)
at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(DualStackPlainSocketImpl.java:69)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:337)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:198)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:180)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:157)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:391)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528)
at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:425)
at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:208)
at org.hsqldb.server.HsqlSocketFactory.createSocket(Unknown Source)
... 9 more
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: java.sql.SQLTransientConnectionException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at cap3.jdbc.DemoSelect.main(DemoSelect.java:53)
Caused by: java.sql.SQLTransientConnectionException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.Util.sqlException(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.Util.sqlException(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCConnection.<init>(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver.getConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.jdbc.JDBCDriver.connect(Unknown Source)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:579)
at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:221)
at cap3.jdbc.DemoSelect.main(DemoSelect.java:28)
Caused by: org.hsqldb.HsqlException: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at org.hsqldb.ClientConnection.openConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.ClientConnection.initConnection(Unknown Source)
at org.hsqldb.ClientConnection.<init>(Unknown Source)
... 6 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.connect0(Native Method)
at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(DualStackPlainSocketImpl.java:69)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:337)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:198)
at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:180)
at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:157)
at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:391)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:528)
at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:425)
at java.net.Socket.<init>(Socket.java:208)
at org.hsqldb.server.HsqlSocketFactory.createSocket(Unknown Source)
... 9 more
Java Result: 1
BUILD SUCCESSFUL(total time: 1 second)

HSQL 驱动程序不在您的类路径中。您必须以某种方式包含该驱动程序 jar 文件it http://download.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/environment/paths.html通过运行你的程序java -cp .;hsqldb.jar DemoSelect. Use ':' 作为分隔符而不是 ';'，如果你在 *nix 上。

另请参阅文档 http://hsqldb.org/doc/2.0/guide/running-chapt.html#running_jar-sect.