为什么 SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses 方法会出现神秘的 MultipleFailureException 错误消息

为什么我的 Spring 测试设置失败并出现以下不太有用的错误消息？感谢所有建议。

JUnit 输出

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/junit/runners/model/MultipleFailureException
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.withAfterClasses(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:188)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.classBlock(ParentRunner.java:145)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:235)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run (SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.junit.runners.model.MultipleFailureException
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
... 10 more

控制台输出

信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 从位置[META-INF/spring.factories]加载默认TestExecutionListener类名：[org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test。 context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener，org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener] 信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 无法实例化 TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.jdbc.SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener]。指定自定义侦听器类或使默认侦听器类（及其所需的依赖项）可用。违规类：[org/springframework/transaction/interceptor/TransactionAttribute] 信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 无法实例化 TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener]。指定自定义侦听器类或使默认侦听器类（及其所需的依赖项）可用。违规类：[org/springframework/transaction/interceptor/TransactionAttributeSource] 信息：org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContextBootstrapper - 使用TestExecutionListeners：[org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener@76959acc，org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@57e603e6，org.springframework。 test.context.support.DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener@3e0a1e1f]

这是目标片段

@Service 

public class PipApps {

@Resource( name = "apps" )
private Properties apps;

@Autowired
private SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
private PipsTable pipsTable;

private SitePreference sitePreference;

private Device device;  

public PipApps( HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response ){
    sitePreference = sitePreferenceHandler.handleSitePreference( request, response );
    device = DeviceUtils.getRequiredCurrentDevice( request );
}

public Properties getApps(){
    return apps;
}

public Device getDevice(){
    return device;
}

public SitePreference getSitePreference(){
    return sitePreference;
}

public DeviceRouteTable getPipsTable(){
    return pipsTable;
}
}

和测试片段

@RunWith( SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class )
@ContextConfiguration( locations={"src/test/resources/PipAppsTest-context.xml"} )

public class PipAppsTest {

@Mock
SitePreferenceHandler sitePreferenceHandler;

@Autowired
PipApps pipApps;

...
}

更新——2015 年 9 月

如果 JUnit 4.9 不在类路径中，Spring Framework 4.2.2 会引发更有意义的异常。看SPR-13521 https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR-13521了解详情。

以下是类级 Javadoc 的摘录SpringJUnit4ClassRunner:

NOTE:从 Spring Framework 4.1 开始，此类需要 JUnit 4.9 或更高版本。

有问题的班级，MultipleFailureException，在 JUnit 4.9 中引入。

这就是为什么你的测试失败了ClassNotFoundException.

因此，升级到 JUnit 4.9（或最好是 4.12）将解决您的问题。

Regards,

Sam (Spring TestContext 框架的作者)