在 bash 中使用正则表达式从字符串中提取信息

我在 bash 中有一个字符串变量，如下所示：

{"SOGoTimeFormat": "%H:%M", "SOGoMailShowSubscribedFoldersOnly": "0", "SOGoMailSignaturePlacement": "below", "SOGoLanguage": "English", "SOGoDayEndTime": "18:00", "SOGoDefaultCalendar": "selected", "SOGoFirstWeekOfYear": "January1", "SOGoFirstDayOfWeek": "0", "SOGoTimeZone": "Asia\/Kolkata", "SOGoContactsCategories": ["Business Partner", "Colleague", "Competitor", "Customer", "Family", "Friend", "Press", "Provider", "VIP"], "Vacation": {"enabled": 0, "endDate": 1374690600, "autoReplyEmailAddresses": ["[email protected] /cdn-cgi/l/email-protection"], "ignoreLists": 1, "autoReplyText": "", "daysBetweenResponse": "7", "endDateEnabled": 0}, "SOGoCalendarTasksDefaultClassification": "PUBLIC", "SOGoMailSortByThreads": "0", "SOGoMailMessageCheck": "manually", "SOGoMailMessageForwarding": "inline", "SOGoLoginModule": "Mail", "SOGoCalendarCategoriesColors": {"Customer": "#aaa", "Calls": "#aaa", "Favorites": "#aaa", "Meeting": "#aaa", "Ideas": "#aaa", "Miscellaneous": "#aaa", "Birthday": "#aaa", "Anniversary": "#aaa", "Vacation": "#aaa", "Travel": "#aaa", "Projects": "#aaa", "Suppliers": "#aaa", "Gifts": "#aaa", "Clients": "#aaa", "Issues": "#aaa", "Business": "#aaa", "Holidays": "#aaa", "Personal": "#aaa", "Status": "#aaa", "Public Holiday": "#aaa", "Follow up": "#aaa", "Competition": "#aaa"}, "SOGoBusyOffHours": "0", "SOGoCalendarCategories": ["Customer", "Calls", "Favorites", "Meeting", "Ideas", "Miscellaneous", "Birthday", "Anniversary", "Vacation", "Travel", "Projects", "Suppliers", "Gifts", "Clients", "Issues", "Business", "Holidays", "Personal", "Status", "Competition", "Follow up", "Public Holiday"], "SOGoCalendarEventsDefaultClassification": "PUBLIC", "Forward": {"enabled": 1, "forwardAddress": ["[email protected] /cdn-cgi/l/email-protection", "[email protected] /cdn-cgi/l/email-protection"], "keepCopy": 1}, "SOGoRememberLastModule": "0", "SOGoMailReplyPlacement": "below", "SOGoMailDisplayRemoteInlineImages": "never", "SOGoSieveFilters": [{"actions": [{"method": "fileinto", "argument": "INBOX\/spam"}], "active": 1, "rules": [{"operator": "contains", "field": "subject", "value": "[SPAM]"}], "match": "any", "name": "spam"}, {"actions": [{"method": "fileinto", "argument": "INBOX\/spam"}], "active": 1, "rules": [{"operator": "contains", "field": "subject", "value": "TESTTEST"}], "match": "any", "name": "new"}], "SOGoDayStartTime": "08:00", "SOGoMailComposeMessageType": "text"}

它是一行文本，没有换行或任何其他内容。我想要实现的是，这个领域有一个叫做"Forward"。如果是对应的话enabled值为 0，不执行任何操作。如果是对应的话enabled值为 1，它应该解析里面的电子邮件地址forwardAddress里面一一并根据比较删除一个（在这个字符串中，假设我们要删除 testuser2）。

我有两个问题：

• 如何使用正则表达式查找来实现此目的"Forward"然后检查enabled value?
• 我应该将它们提取到一个新字符串中，编辑它然后写回还是有更有效的方法？

您拥有的是 JSON，而您应该使用的是 JSON 解析器。使用正则表达式并不是一个好的替代品。

这是一些加载字符串的 python，如果enabled in Forward为 1，从地址中删除带有子字符串“testuser2”的任何地址forwardAddress list:

#!/bin/python
import sys
import json

thing = json.load(sys.stdin)
forward = thing["Forward"]

if forward["enabled"] == 1:
    forward["forwardAddress"] = \
        filter(lambda x: not "testuser2" in x, \
            forward["forwardAddress"])

json.dump(thing, sys.stdout)

你可以运行它

echo "$yourvariable" | python thisfile.py

json 重新编码过程可能会打乱字段。这并不重要，因为字符串仍然代表相同的 json 对象。