java中将函数作为参数传递

我正在熟悉 Android 框架和 Java，并希望创建一个通用的“NetworkHelper”类，该类将处理大部分网络代码，使我能够从中调用网页。

我按照developer.android.com 上的这篇文章创建了我的网络类：http://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.html http://developer.android.com/training/basics/network-ops/connecting.html

Code:

package com.example.androidapp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import android.content.Context;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.util.Log;



/**
 * @author tuomas
 * This class provides basic helper functions and features for network communication.
 */


public class NetworkHelper 
{
private Context mContext;


public NetworkHelper(Context mContext)
{
    //get context
    this.mContext = mContext;
}


/**
 * Checks if the network connection is available.
 */
public boolean checkConnection()
{
    //checks if the network connection exists and works as should be
    ConnectivityManager connMgr = (ConnectivityManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
    NetworkInfo networkInfo = connMgr.getActiveNetworkInfo();

    if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected())
    {
        //network connection works
        Log.v("log", "Network connection works");
        return true;
    }
    else
    {
        //network connection won't work
        Log.v("log", "Network connection won't work");
        return false;
    }

}

public void downloadUrl(String stringUrl)
{
    new DownloadWebpageTask().execute(stringUrl);

}



//actual code to handle download
private class DownloadWebpageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String>
{



    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... urls)
    {
        // params comes from the execute() call: params[0] is the url.
        try {
            return downloadUrl(urls[0]);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return "Unable to retrieve web page. URL may be invalid.";
        }
    }

    // Given a URL, establishes an HttpUrlConnection and retrieves
    // the web page content as a InputStream, which it returns as
    // a string.
    private String downloadUrl(String myurl) throws IOException 
    {
        InputStream is = null;
        // Only display the first 500 characters of the retrieved
        // web page content.
        int len = 500;

        try {
            URL url = new URL(myurl);
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            conn.setReadTimeout(10000 );
            conn.setConnectTimeout(15000);
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
            conn.setDoInput(true);
            // Starts the query
            conn.connect();
            int response = conn.getResponseCode();
            Log.d("log", "The response is: " + response);
            is = conn.getInputStream();

            // Convert the InputStream into a string
            String contentAsString = readIt(is, len);
            return contentAsString;

        // Makes sure that the InputStream is closed after the app is
        // finished using it.
        } finally {
            if (is != null) {
                is.close();
            } 
        }
    }

    // Reads an InputStream and converts it to a String.
    public String readIt(InputStream stream, int len) throws IOException, UnsupportedEncodingException 
    {
        Reader reader = null;
        reader = new InputStreamReader(stream, "UTF-8");        
        char[] buffer = new char[len];
        reader.read(buffer);
        return new String(buffer);
    }


    // onPostExecute displays the results of the AsyncTask.
    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String result) 
    {
        //textView.setText(result);
        Log.v("log", result);

    }

} 

}

在我的活动课中，我以这种方式使用该课程：

connHelper = new NetworkHelper(this);

...

if (connHelper.checkConnection())
    {
        //connection ok, download the webpage from provided url
        connHelper.downloadUrl(stringUrl);
    }

我遇到的问题是我应该以某种方式回调活动，并且它应该可以在“downloadUrl()”函数中定义。例如，当下载完成时，将调用活动中的 public void“handleWebpage(String data)”函数，并将加载的字符串作为其参数。

我做了一些谷歌搜索，发现我应该以某种方式使用接口来实现此功能。在查看了一些类似的 stackoverflow 问题/答案后，我没有得到它的工作，我不确定我是否正确理解了接口：在 Java 中如何将方法作为参数传递？ https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12616796/how-do-i-pass-method-as-a-parameter-in-java老实说，使用匿名类对我来说是新的，我不太确定应该在哪里或如何应用上述线程中的示例代码片段。

所以我的问题是如何将回调函数传递给我的网络类并在下载完成后调用它？接口声明、implements 关键字等在哪里？ 请注意，我是 Java 初学者（尽管有其他编程背景），所以我希望得到完整的解释:) 谢谢！

使用回调接口或具有抽象回调方法的抽象类。

回调接口示例：

public class SampleActivity extends Activity {

    //define callback interface
    interface MyCallbackInterface {

        void onDownloadFinished(String result);
    }

    //your method slightly modified to take callback into account 
    public void downloadUrl(String stringUrl, MyCallbackInterface callback) {
        new DownloadWebpageTask(callback).execute(stringUrl);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        //example to modified downloadUrl method
        downloadUrl("http://google.com", new MyCallbackInterface() {

            @Override
            public void onDownloadFinished(String result) {
                // Do something when download finished
            }
        });
    }

    //your async task class
    private class DownloadWebpageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {

        final MyCallbackInterface callback;

        DownloadWebpageTask(MyCallbackInterface callback) {
            this.callback = callback;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
            callback.onDownloadFinished(result);
        }

        //except for this leave your code for this class untouched...
    }
}

第二种选择更加简洁。您甚至不必为“onDownloaded 事件”定义一个抽象方法，如下所示onPostExecute正是需要的。只需扩展您的DownloadWebpageTask在你的内部有一个匿名内联类downloadUrl method.

    //your method slightly modified to take callback into account 
    public void downloadUrl(String stringUrl, final MyCallbackInterface callback) {
        new DownloadWebpageTask() {

            @Override
            protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
                super.onPostExecute(result);
                callback.onDownloadFinished(result);
            }
        }.execute(stringUrl);
    }

    //...