我目前正在开发的一些程序消耗的内存比我想象的要多得多。所以我试图了解 glibc malloc 修剪是如何工作的。我写了以下测试：
#include <malloc.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define NUM_CHUNKS 1000000
#define CHUNCK_SIZE 100
int main()
{
// disable fast bins
mallopt(M_MXFAST, 0);
void** array = (void**)malloc(sizeof(void*) * NUM_CHUNKS);
// allocating memory
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < NUM_CHUNKS; i++)
{
array[i] = malloc(CHUNCK_SIZE);
}
// releasing memory ALMOST all memory
for(unsigned int i = 0; i < NUM_CHUNKS - 1 ; i++)
{
free(array[i]);
}
// when enabled memory consumption reduces
//int ret = malloc_trim(0);
//printf("ret=%d\n", ret);
malloc_stats();
sleep(100000);
}
测试输出（不调用 malloc_trim）：
Arena 0:
system bytes = 112054272
in use bytes = 112
Total (incl. mmap):
system bytes = 120057856
in use bytes = 8003696
max mmap regions = 1
max mmap bytes = 8003584
尽管几乎所有内存都被释放，但此测试代码消耗的常驻内存比预期多得多：
[root@node0-b3]# ps aux | grep test
root 14662 1.8 0.4 129736 **118024** pts/10 S 20:19 0:00 ./test
处理smap：
0245e000-08f3b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
Size: 109428 kB
Rss: 109376 kB
Pss: 109376 kB
Shared_Clean: 0 kB
Shared_Dirty: 0 kB
Private_Clean: 0 kB
Private_Dirty: 109376 kB
Referenced: 109376 kB
Anonymous: 109376 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
Swap: 0 kB
KernelPageSize: 4 kB
MMUPageSize: 4 kB
Locked: 0 kB
VmFlags: rd wr mr mw me ac
7f1c60720000-7f1c60ec2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
Size: 7816 kB
Rss: 7816 kB
Pss: 7816 kB
Shared_Clean: 0 kB
Shared_Dirty: 0 kB
Private_Clean: 0 kB
Private_Dirty: 7816 kB
Referenced: 7816 kB
Anonymous: 7816 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
Swap: 0 kB
KernelPageSize: 4 kB
MMUPageSize: 4 kB
Locked: 0 kB
当我启用对 malloc_trim 的调用时，测试的输出几乎保持不变：
ret=1
Arena 0:
system bytes = 112001024
in use bytes = 112
Total (incl. mmap):
system bytes = 120004608
in use bytes = 8003696
max mmap regions = 1
max mmap bytes = 8003584
然而，RSS 显着下降：
[root@node0-b3]# ps aux | grep test
root 15733 0.6 0.0 129688 **8804** pts/10 S 20:20 0:00 ./test
处理 smaps（在 malloc_trim 之后）：
01698000-08168000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap]
Size: 109376 kB
Rss: 8 kB
Pss: 8 kB
Shared_Clean: 0 kB
Shared_Dirty: 0 kB
Private_Clean: 0 kB
Private_Dirty: 8 kB
Referenced: 8 kB
Anonymous: 8 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
Swap: 0 kB
KernelPageSize: 4 kB
MMUPageSize: 4 kB
Locked: 0 kB
VmFlags: rd wr mr mw me ac
7f508122a000-7f50819cc000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0
Size: 7816 kB
Rss: 7816 kB
Pss: 7816 kB
Shared_Clean: 0 kB
Shared_Dirty: 0 kB
Private_Clean: 0 kB
Private_Dirty: 7816 kB
Referenced: 7816 kB
Anonymous: 7816 kB
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
Swap: 0 kB
KernelPageSize: 4 kB
MMUPageSize: 4 kB
Locked: 0 kB
调用 malloc_trim 后，堆被收缩。我假设 8MB mmap 段仍然可用，因为最后一块内存尚未释放。
为什么 malloc 不自动执行堆修剪？
有没有一种方法可以配置 malloc，以便自动完成修剪（当它可以节省那么多内存时）？
我使用的是 glibc 版本 2.17。
