Docker出现前的现况
- 开发-上线
- 问题：两套环境（应用环境、应用配置）
- 开发-运维
- 版本更新导致服务不可用
- 换台电脑就不可以运行了
- 传统解决方式
- 环境配置等由运维来做
什么是Doceker？
针对上述问题，Docker技术应运而生，实现了开发部署上线，一套流程搞定；
Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化；
Docker容器是完全使用沙箱机制,相互之间不会有任何接口；
一个完整的Docker有以下几个部分组成：
- DockerClient客户端；
- Docker Daemon守护进程；
- Docker Image镜像；
- DockerContainer容器；
Docker发展史
Docker是如何工作的？
- Docker是一个Client-Server结构的系统；
- DockerClient的守护进程运行在主机上，通过socket从客户端访问；
- DockersServer接收到DockerClient的指令，就会执行这个指令;
Docker比虚拟机快的原因
Docker比虚拟机抽象层少；
Docker利用的是宿主机的内核；
新建一个容器，docker不需要像虚拟机一样重新加载一个操作系统内核，
虚拟机加载的是Guest OS，分钟级别；Docker是利用宿主机的OS，秒级
对比图
Docker指令结构图
- 狂神博客
- docker文档
- docker仓库
- docker官网
# 停止运行 systemctl stop docker # 卸载依赖 yum -y remove docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io # 删除资源 rm -rf /var/lib/docker
# 安装所需的安装包 sudo yum install -y yum-utils # 设置镜像的仓库（默认为国外，修改为阿里云的） sudo yum-config-manager \ --add-repo \ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo #安装最新版本的Docker Engine和容器（ce社区，ee企业） sudo yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io # 启动Docker sudo systemctl start docker #通过运行hello-world 映像来验证是否正确安装了Docker Engine sudo docker run hello-world #查看docker版本 docker version
docker的默认工作路径
- /var/lib/docker
阿里云服务器配置才有用登陆阿里云控制台首页，单击容器镜像服务
执行一下命令
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://mtwoqwjs.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker
# 显示docker版本信息 docker version # 显示docker的系统信息（镜像和容器数量） docker info # 查看docker所有命令 docker --help # 查看命令详情 docker 命令 --help官网指令大全
# 运行镜像 sudo docker run imageName
镜像运行流程
# 查看镜像 docker images # 详细用法 Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] List images Options: -a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) --digests Show digests -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print images using a Go template --no-trunc Don't truncate output -q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
# 搜索镜像 docker search searchContent # 详细用法 Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM Search the Docker Hub for images Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output# 下载镜像（若不写TAG版本号，默认latest） docker pull imageName # 详细用法 Usage: docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST] Pull an image or a repository from a registry Options: -a, --all-tags Download all tagged images in the repository --disable-content-trust Skip image verification (default true) --platform string Set platform if server is multi-platform capable -q, --quiet Suppress verbose output # 实例测试 [root@lazyr ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest #不写tag，默认latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql d121f8d1c412: Pull complete #分层下载（若不同版本有重复的文件，就不下载了） f3cebc0b4691: Pull complete 1862755a0b37: Pull complete 489b44f3dbb4: Pull complete 690874f836db: Pull complete baa8be383ffb: Pull complete 55356608b4ac: Pull complete dd35ceccb6eb: Pull complete 429b35712b19: Pull complete 162d8291095c: Pull complete 5e500ef7181b: Pull complete af7528e958b6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e1bfe11693ed2052cb3b4e5fa356c65381129e87e38551c6cd6ec532ebe0e808 #签名 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest #真实地址 # docker pull mysql =等价于= docker pull .io/library/mysql:latest版本号可以在docker官网里查询后填写
# 删除镜像 docker rmi -f 镜像ID # 删除全部镜像 docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 详细用法 Usage: docker rmi [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...] Remove one or more images Options: -f, --force Force removal of the image --no-prune Do not delete untagged parents
# 新建容器并启动 docker run [opt] imageName/imageId # opt --name="containerName" 容器名字，用来区分容器 -d 后台方式运行 -it 使用交互方式运行，可以进入容器内查看内容 -p 指定容器端口号 -p ip:主机端口:容器端口 指定ip地址，和容器端口对应主机端口的映射 -p 主机端口:容器端口 指定容器端口对应主机端口的映射 -p 容器端口 -P 随机指定端口号 # 实例测试 # 启动并进入容器 [root@lazyr ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash # @635911d7e995：容器id [root@635911d7e995 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var # 关闭并退出容器 [root@635911d7e995 /]# exit exit# 查看容器 docker ps [opt] # opt 空 列出正在运行的容器 -a 列出所有容器 -n=num 列出最近创建的num个容器 -q 只列出容器id# 退出容器 # 关闭且退出容器 exit # 不关闭，只退出容器 ctrl+P+Q# 删除容器 # 删除指定容器（无法删除正在运行的容器） docker rm 容器id # 强制删除指定容器（可以删除正在运行的容器） docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器 docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm# 启动容器 docker start 容器ID# 重启容器 docker restart 容器ID# 停止正在运行的容器 docker stop 容器ID# 强制停止正在运行的容器 docker kill 容器ID
# 查看日志 docker logs -f -t --details 容器id # 详细用法 Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER Fetch the logs of a container Options: --details Show extra details provided to logs -f, --follow Follow log output --since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes) --tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all") -t, --timestamps Show timestamps --until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)# 查看容器中进程信息 docker top 容器id# 查看镜像的元数据 docker inspect # 详细用法 Usage: docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...] Return low-level information on Docker objects Options: -f, --format string Format the output using the given Go template -s, --size Display total file sizes if the type is container --type string Return JSON for specified type # 实例测试 # 查看centos容器信息 [root@lazyr ~]# docker inspect c5500d0e92cd [ { # 容器id为该id的前缀缩写 "Id": "c5500d0e92cddb3e6eb65a9ba1777e020eb29f6902ceeb8c2f039e7abba07518", "Created": "2020-09-10T08:49:05.484098663Z", "Path": "/bin/bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "exited", "Running": false, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 0, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-09-10T08:49:05.859357989Z", "FinishedAt": "2020-09-10T08:49:05.857222556Z" }, # 忽略了其余部分..... } ]# 进入正在运行的容器 # 进入容器后，开启一个新的终端 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash # 进入容器正在执行的终端 docker attach 容器id# 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的主机路径
搜索镜像信息
下载镜像
[root@lazyr ~]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx bf5952930446: Pull complete cb9a6de05e5a: Pull complete 9513ea0afb93: Pull complete b49ea07d2e93: Pull complete a5e4a503d449: Pull complete Digest: sha256:2850bbf7ed1bcb88e50c08c424c13fec71cf0a0bf0d496b5481601c69f905534 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest查看镜像
[root@lazyr ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest e1d7dc9731da 4 hours ago 544MB nginx latest 4bb46517cac3 3 weeks ago 133MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 4 weeks ago 215MB hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 8 months ago 13.3kB新建并运行Nginx容器
[root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d --name nginxTest -p 3344:80 nginx c2d8256def4228b4781b5e9ba3fda2887264d0d14ee92b2c7a5788c8957f7c77查看容器运行状态
[root@lazyr ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c2d8256def42 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 42 seconds ago Up 41 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginxTest测试连接
[root@lazyr ~]# curl localhost:33344 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>网站访问
访问流程原理
问题
- 我们现在若想修改nginx配置文件，必须进入容器内部，而容器内部有很多指令等因素不方便修改，怎么解决？
采用数据卷技术解决上述问题；
搜索镜像信息
下载tomcat
[root@lazyr ~]# docker pull tomcat:9.0 9.0: Pulling from library/tomcat d6ff36c9ec48: Pull complete c958d65b3090: Pull complete edaf0a6b092f: Pull complete 80931cf68816: Pull complete bf04b6bbed0c: Pull complete 8bf847804f9e: Pull complete 6bf89641a7f2: Pull complete 3e97fae54404: Pull complete 10dee6830d45: Pull complete 680b26b7a444: Pull complete Digest: sha256:cbdcddc4ca9b47e42c7d0c2db78cbc0f7a8b4bbe1fa395f4a53c5a236db29146 Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:9.0 docker.io/library/tomcat:9.0新建并运行Tomcat容器
[root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d --name tomcatTest -p 3355:8080 tomcat:9.0 1318076a80396de946f1a39af203aa09ad6a6ad96931bcc54e976ee7f1a07262查看容器运行状态
[root@lazyr ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 1318076a8039 tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" 59 seconds ago Up 58 seconds 0.0.0.0:3355->8080/tcp tomcatTest测试连接
[root@lazyr ~]# curl localhost:3355 <!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</title><style type="text/css">body {font-family:Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif;} h1, h2, h3, b {color:white;background-color:#525D76;} h1 {font-size:22px;} h2 {font-size:16px;} h3 {font-size:14px;} p {font-size:12px;} a {color:black;} .line {height:1px;background-color:#525D76;border:none;}</style></head><body><h1>HTTP Status 404 – Not Found</h1><hr class="line" /><p><b>Type</b> Status Report</p><p><b>Description</b> The origin server did not find a current representation for the target resource or is not willing to disclose that one exists.</p><hr class="line" /><h3>Apache Tomcat/9.0.37</h3></body></html>网站访问（404是因为官方的Tomcat是不完整的）
进入容器内查看
[root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it tomcatTest /bin/bash root@1318076a8039:/usr/local/tomcat# ls BUILDING.txt CONTRIBUTING.md LICENSE NOTICE README.md RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt bin conf lib logs native-jni-lib temp webapps webapps.dist work root@1318076a8039:/usr/local/tomcat# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps root@1318076a8039:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls # webapps文件夹内为空，所以访问时显示404 root@1318076a8039:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps#
后台启动程序问题
描述：使用docker run -d centos新建并启动容器之后，使用docker ps命令发现并没有在运行
原因：
docker容器使用后台运行时，必须要有一个前台进程，若docker发现没有前台应用，就会自动停止（nginx容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止）
- 什么式Portainer?
- Docker图形化界面管理工具，提供了一个后台面板供我们操作
docker run -d -p 8088:9000 \ --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock --privileged=true portainer/portainer访问http://119.23.231.254:8088/
UnionFS（联合文件系统）
联合文件系统（UnionFS）是一种分层、轻量级并且高性能的文件系统，它支持对文件系统的修改作为一次提交来一层层的叠加，同时可以将不同目录挂载到同一个虚拟文件系统下；
联合文件系统是 Docker 镜像的基础。镜像可以通过分层来进行继承，基于基础镜像（没有父镜像），可以制作各种具体的应用镜像。
UnionFS结构图
BootFS
- boots(boot file system）主要包含 bootloader和 Kernel, bootloader主要是引导加 kernel;
- Linux刚启动时会加bootfs文件系统，在 Docker镜像的最底层是 boots;
- 这一层与我们典型的Linux/Unix系统是一样的，包含boot加載器和内核;
- 当boot加载完成之后整个内核就都在内存中了，此时内存的使用权已由 bootfs转交给内核，此时系统也会卸载bootfs。
RootFS
- rootfs（root file system),在 bootfs之上;
- 包含的就是典型 Linux系统中的/dev,/proc,/bin,/etc等标准目录和文件;
- rootfs就是各种不同的操作系统发行版，比如 Ubuntu, Centos等等。
# 提交容器为一个新的镜像 docker commit -m="描述信息" -a="作者" 容器id 目标镜像名:[TAG]
新建运行Tomcat容器，并进入该容器内
[root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d --name mytomcat -p 3366:8080 tomcat:9.0 954b95fcfcab595b30bbb341e2530ead0a6b6d1964e77a9c77012324565d0fa0 [root@lazyr ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 954b95fcfcab tomcat:9.0 "catalina.sh run" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:3366->8080/tcp mytomcat 224761104e96 portainer/portainer "/portainer" 47 minutes ago Up 47 minutes 0.0.0.0:8088->9000/tcp determined_mahavira [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it 954b95fcfcab /bin/bash root@954b95fcfcab:/usr/local/tomcat#往webapps内移入初始文件
root@954b95fcfcab:/usr/local/tomcat# cp -r webapps.dist/* webapps root@954b95fcfcab:/usr/local/tomcat# cd webapps root@954b95fcfcab:/usr/local/tomcat/webapps# ls ROOT docs examples host-manager manager访问网站（显示正常）
ctrl+P+Q退出后，将容器提交为镜像
[root@lazyr ~]# docker commit -a="Lazyr" -m="add some files to the folder named webapps" 954b95fcfcab mytomcat:1.0 sha256:8ea04e5e29cf0cbce633355cbf1fc8766f40b0f762a604bad949b4406acb3c67 [root@lazyr ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mytomcat 1.0 8ea04e5e29cf 13 seconds ago 652MB mysql latest e1d7dc9731da 5 hours ago 544MB tomcat 9.0 d5eef28cf41d 8 days ago 647MB tomcat latest d5eef28cf41d 8 days ago 647MB nginx latest 4bb46517cac3 3 weeks ago 133MB centos latest 0d120b6ccaa8 4 weeks ago 215MB portainer/portainer latest 62771b0b9b09 7 weeks ago 79.1MB hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 8 months ago 13.3kB
什么是容器数据卷？
我们将应用和环境打包成一个镜像，镜像运行时生成的数据应该存放在什么位置？
若放在容器内，容器一被删除，数据就全丢失了，并且每次修改数据都得进入容器内部才可以修改，若可以容器中产生的数据可以自动同步到本地就好了；
容器数据卷就是完成了
将容器内的目录，挂载到Linux上面，实现本地和容器内数据同步
指定位置挂载
# -v 主机目录（绝对路径）:容器内目录 docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录 镜像名/镜像id /bin/bash # 挂载多个目录 docker run -it -v 主机目录:容器内目录 -v 主机目录:容器内目录 镜像名/镜像id /bin/bash # 实例测试 # 挂载前本机home目录结构 [root@lazyr home]# ls lazyr wjr www # 挂载 [root@lazyr home]# docker run -it -v /home/test:/home centos /bin/bash # 挂载后本机home目录结构 [root@lazyr home]# ls lazyr test wjr www # 在本机修改test目录内容 [root@lazyr home]# cd test/ [root@lazyr test]# vim hello.txt [root@lazyr test]# ls hello.txt # 进入容器内查看/home目录 [root@lazyr test]# docker exec -it bd1de60a2007 /bin/bash [root@bd1de60a2007 /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var [root@bd1de60a2007 /]# cd home [root@bd1de60a2007 home]# ls hello.txt # ctrl+P+Q退出容器，查看容器信息 [root@lazyr test]# docker inspect bd1de60a2007 [ # 忽略... "Mounts": [ { "Type": "bind", # Linux挂载的目录 "Source": "/home/test", # 容器内挂载的目录 "Destination": "/home", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "rprivate" } ] # 忽略.... ] # 删除容器后查看本地挂载的文件夹 [root@lazyr test]# docker rm bd1de60a2007 bd1de60a2007 [root@lazyr test]# ls hello.txt匿名挂载（在默认位置随机创建挂载目录）
# -v 容器内目录 # 本地挂载目录（/var/lib/docker/volumes） docker run -d -v 卷名:容器内目录 镜像名/镜像id # 实例测试 [root@lazyr data]# docker run -d -v /home centos 02f09ab52e02e14bc79a5407e670d2163496cade21a9fd708e6c2ae628ad8dc2 # 查看卷名 [root@lazyr data]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local 5e0ebc9242c84b8f0ad985721bd8d8c5dddf3e1692f77682dcb302049f984eb6 local f4ec2f78f12864e3b6a560c9e20d563604375ed4ee8f092ca3ab42e0c6a07038 # 进入本地匿名挂载目录 [root@lazyr data]# cd /var/lib/docker [root@lazyr docker]# ls builder buildkit containers image network overlay2 plugins runtimes swarm tmp trust volumes [root@lazyr docker]# cd volumes/ [root@lazyr volumes]# ls 5e0ebc9242c84b8f0ad985721bd8d8c5dddf3e1692f77682dcb302049f984eb6 f4ec2f78f12864e3b6a560c9e20d563604375ed4ee8f092ca3ab42e0c6a07038 metadata.db具名挂载（在默认位置创建指定名的挂载目录）
# -v 卷名:容器内目录 # 本地挂载目录（/var/lib/docker/volumes） docker run -it -v 卷名:容器内目录 镜像名/镜像id /bin/bash # 实例测试 [root@lazyr volumes]# docker run -d -v centosVolume:/home centos a8144eaaf2d0363945a046fb5581629b4ff1e414f39950c915dc2c1433d33975 # 查看卷名 [root@lazyr volumes]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local 5e0ebc9242c84b8f0ad985721bd8d8c5dddf3e1692f77682dcb302049f984eb6 local centosVolume local f4ec2f78f12864e3b6a560c9e20d563604375ed4ee8f092ca3ab42e0c6a07038 # 进入本地匿名挂载目录 [root@lazyr volumes]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/ [root@lazyr volumes]# ls 5e0ebc9242c84b8f0ad985721bd8d8c5dddf3e1692f77682dcb302049f984eb6 centosVolume f4ec2f78f12864e3b6a560c9e20d563604375ed4ee8f092ca3ab42e0c6a07038 metadata.db添加权限
# -v 卷名:容器内路径:ro/rw # ro : readOnly，只读，只能通过宿主机写入，容器内部无法写入 # rw : readWrite，读写 # 匿名挂载使用会报错 # 实例测试 [root@lazyr volumes]# docker run -d -v centosRO:/home:ro centos 8fc4c5d9fdfd1c798a19a52c29b6f645994031a174140114cee74cc98eca6481
# 查看所有的卷 docker volume ls # 详细用法 Usage: docker volume COMMAND Manage volumes Commands: create Create a volume inspect Display detailed information on one or more volumes ls List volumes prune Remove all unused local volumes rm Remove one or more volumes # 实例测试 [root@lazyr data]# docker volume ls DRIVER VOLUME NAME local f4ec2f78f12864e3b6a560c9e20d563604375ed4ee8f092ca3ab42e0c6a07038
下载Mysql数据库
[root@lazyr ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7 5.7: Pulling from library/mysql d121f8d1c412: Already exists f3cebc0b4691: Already exists 1862755a0b37: Already exists 489b44f3dbb4: Already exists 690874f836db: Already exists baa8be383ffb: Already exists 55356608b4ac: Already exists 277d8f888368: Pull complete 21f2da6feb67: Pull complete 2c98f818bcb9: Pull complete 031b0a770162: Pull complete Digest: sha256:14fd47ec8724954b63d1a236d2299b8da25c9bbb8eacc739bb88038d82da4919 Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7 docker.io/library/mysql:5.7新建并运行容器，同时挂载目录到本机（运行语句在官网里找）
[root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d -p 3310:3306 -v /var/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /var/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=wjr135792468 mysql:5.7 201fa4875eecbdf26c3be3ce5af25a6076160a43ea2c5fba9f3d2751508db7dc
本地数据库连接
在本地创建新数据库
查看Linux服务器挂载的目录
- 什么是数据卷容器？
- 容器数据卷解决了容器和主机间数据同步的问题，那不同容器之间数据如何同步呢？
- 数据卷容器解决了
不同容器间的数据同步问题,且只有若多个容器数据都同时删除，容器内的数据才会删除（没挂载到本地时；挂载到本地时，所有容器都删除，本地数据也在）。
# --volumes-from docker run -d --volumes-from fahterContainerName/fahterContainerId imageName/imageID
只有父容器挂载了文件，子容器才可以同步数据创建父容器（父容器必须挂载目录）
创建子容器
查看父容器的数据变化
- 什么是Dockerfile？
- Dockerfile就是用来构建docker镜像的文件，命令脚本；
- 通过Dockerfile这个脚本可以生成镜像。
创建dockerfile文件（
文件名建议dockerfile）[root@lazyr test]# pwd /home/test [root@lazyr test]# vim dockerfile1dockerfile文件内容（
指令大写）FROM centos VOLUME ["mountedVolume01","mountedVolume02"] CMD echo "----end-----" CMD /bin/bash通过dockerfile构建镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker build -f dockerfile1 -t lazyrcentos:1.0 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB # 分步执行dockerfile中的命令 # 从哪个基础镜像生成 Step 1/4 : FROM centos ---> 0d120b6ccaa8 # 挂载的目录 Step 2/4 : VOLUME ["mountedVolume01","mountedVolume02"] ---> Running in 8eea57e19489 Removing intermediate container 8eea57e19489 ---> dc69ae084b62 Step 3/4 : CMD echo "----end-----" ---> Running in 689ffb5e4afd Removing intermediate container 689ffb5e4afd ---> 4da7979ae660 # 进入容器内 Step 4/4 : CMD /bin/bash ---> Running in 1a9a8cd42f7c Removing intermediate container 1a9a8cd42f7c ---> d88c4fb5e551 Successfully built d88c4fb5e551 Successfully tagged lazyrcentos:1.0查看构建的镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE lazyrcentos 1.0 d88c4fb5e551 36 seconds ago 215MB mytomcat 1.0 8ea04e5e29cf 20 hours ago 652MB mysql 5.7 ef08065b0a30 25 hours ago 448MB运行构建的镜像
查看容器详细信息
[root@lazyr test]# docker inspect 76d75a193882 [ # 忽略... "Mounts": [ { "Type": "volume", "Name": "df4413202054c82534c30d2e871077a572d50a9a50c89216767104c4ddef43b7", # 容器外的目录 "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/df4413202054c82534c30d2e871077a572d50a9a50c89216767104c4ddef43b7/_data", # 容器内的目录 "Destination": "mountedVolume01", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" }, { "Type": "volume", "Name": "80d66cead979064cce5cf55d974f1e6a30fa222aacdc9b6520eddc3c9dfa32bd", # 容器外的目录 "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/80d66cead979064cce5cf55d974f1e6a30fa222aacdc9b6520eddc3c9dfa32bd/_data", # 容器内的目录 "Destination": "mountedVolume02", "Driver": "local", "Mode": "", "RW": true, "Propagation": "" } ], # 忽略... ]
基础知识
- 每个保留关键字（指令）都必须大写；
- 执行按从上到下顺序执行；
- #表示注释；
- 每一个指令都会创建提交一个新的镜像层
- dockerfile是面向开发的，我们以后要发布项目，做镜像，需要编写dockerfile文件；
- dockerfile文件名最好统一为Dockerfile，这样构建时就不需要-f指定文件，系统会默认使用名为Dockerfile的文件；
指令 作用 FROM 设置镜像使用的基础镜像 MAINTAINER 设置镜像的作者（姓名<邮箱>） RUN 编译镜像时运行的脚本 LABEL 设置镜像的标签 EXPOESE 设置镜像暴露的端口 ENV 设置容器的环境变量 ADD 编译镜像时复制文件到镜像中，会自动解压 COPY 编译镜像时复制文件到镜像中，不会解压，单纯的复制 CMD 指定容器启动的时候要运行的命令，替换指令 ENTRYPOINT 指定容器启动的时候要运行的命令，追加参数 VOLUME 设置容器的挂载卷 USER 设置运行RUN CMD ENTRYPOINT的用户名 WORKDIR 设置RUN CMD ENTRYPOINT COPY ADD指令的工作目录 ARG 设置编译镜像时加入的参数 ONBUILD 当构建一个被继承的DockerFile，这时候就会运行ONBUILD指令 STOPSIGNAL 设置容器的退出信号量
# 构建镜像 # 最后的.表示指定dockerfile路径为当前目录 docker build -f dockerfilePath -t imageName:TAG .# 查看镜像构造历史 docker history imageName/imageId # 实例测试 [root@lazyr test]# docker history lazyrcentos:1.0 IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT d88c4fb5e551 25 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin… 0B 4da7979ae660 25 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo… 0B dc69ae084b62 25 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [mountedVolume01 m… 0B 0d120b6ccaa8 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B <missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B <missing> 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:538afc0c5c964ce0d… 215MB
编写dockerfile文件
FROM centos MAINTAINER lazyr<2296339656@qq.com> # 环境变量 ENV MYPATH /usr/local WORKDIR $MYPATH # 开启端口 EXPOSE 80 CMD echo $MYPATH CMD echo "---end---" CMD /bin/bash通过dockerfile构建镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker build -f dockerfile -t wjrcentos:1.0 .
测试CMD创建dockerfile文件
FROM centos CMD ["ls","-a"]构建镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker build -f dockerfile -t cmd-test . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB Step 1/2 : FROM centos ---> 0d120b6ccaa8 Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"] ---> Running in 3e76b0572d98 Removing intermediate container 3e76b0572d98 ---> b5717f92ff23 Successfully built b5717f92ff23 Successfully tagged cmd-test:latest运行镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker run cmd-test # 自动执行ls -a . .. .dockerenv bin dev etc home lib # ...运行镜像并追加参数
[root@lazyr test]# docker run cmd-test -l # 此时执行的指令的并不是ls -al，而是-l。-l替换了之前ls -a指令 docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "exec: \"-l\": executable file not found in $PATH": unknown.
测试ENTRYPOINT创建dockerfile文件
FROM centos ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]构建镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker build -f dockerfile -t entrypoint-test . Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB Step 1/2 : FROM centos ---> 0d120b6ccaa8 Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"] ---> Running in 66b4da10fcb3 Removing intermediate container 66b4da10fcb3 ---> a59c0931215c Successfully built a59c0931215c Successfully tagged entrypoint-test:latest运行镜像
[root@lazyr test]# docker run entrypoint-test # 自动执行ls -a . .. .dockerenv bin dev etc home lib # ...运行镜像并追加参数
[root@lazyr test]# docker run entrypoint-test -l # 相当于执行ls -al，自动在ls -a后追加参数 total 56 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Sep 12 09:07 . drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Sep 12 09:07 .. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Sep 12 09:07 .dockerenv lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 bin -> usr/bin drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 340 Sep 12 09:07 dev drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4096 Sep 12 09:07 etc drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 11 2019 home lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May 11 2019 lib -> usr/lib # ....
准备初始文件
[root@lazyr myTomcat]# pwd /home/wjr/myTomcat [root@lazyr myTomcat]# ls # 准备tomcat、jdk压缩包和readMe.txt apache-tomcat-9.0.36.tar.gz jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz readMe.txt编写dockrfile文件
FROM centos MAINTAINER lazyr<2296339656@qq.com> # 复制readMe.txt文件到镜像内，这里使用相对路径（也可以使用绝对路径） COPY readMe.txt /usr/local/readMe.txt # ADD命令会自动解压，将jdk、tomcat添加到镜像内，这里使用相对路径（也可以使用绝对路径） ADD jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/ ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.36.tar.gz /usr/local/ # 安装vim RUN yum -y install vim # 设置进入容器内时的默认路径 ENV MYPATH /usr/local WORKDIR $MYPATH # 配置环境变量 ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_251 ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36 ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36 ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin EXPOSE 8080 # 命令可通过&&追加 CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36/bin/logs/catalina.out构建镜像
# 不写-f，系统会自动在当前目录下寻找名为Dockerfile的文件 [root@lazyr myTomcat]# docker build -t mytomcat:1.0 . Sending build context to Docker daemon 206.3MB Step 1/15 : FROM centos ---> 0d120b6ccaa8 Step 2/15 : MAINTAINER lazyr<2296339656@qq.com> ---> Running in 89805720d237 Removing intermediate container 89805720d237 ---> bae5bf13892d Step 3/15 : COPY readMe.txt /usr/local/readMe.txt ---> 6e7aadcff317 Step 4/15 : ADD jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/ ---> 95647b2a70fa Step 5/15 : ADD apache-tomcat-9.0.36.tar.gz /usr/local/ ---> 69dbc30d7d7d Step 6/15 : RUN yum -y install vim ---> Running in 48de8ec2599f CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.0 MB/s | 5.8 MB 00:05 CentOS-8 - Base 1.1 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:01 CentOS-8 - Extras 2.7 kB/s | 7.9 kB 00:02 Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: vim-enhanced x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 1.4 M Installing dependencies: gpm-libs x86_64 1.20.7-15.el8 AppStream 39 k vim-common x86_64 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 6.3 M vim-filesystem noarch 2:8.0.1763-13.el8 AppStream 48 k which x86_64 2.21-12.el8 BaseOS 49 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 5 Packages Total download size: 7.8 M Installed size: 31 M Downloading Packages: (1/5): gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm 246 kB/s | 39 kB 00:00 (2/5): vim-filesystem-8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch.rp 624 kB/s | 48 kB 00:00 (3/5): which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64.rpm 183 kB/s | 49 kB 00:00 (4/5): vim-enhanced-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.5 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00 (5/5): vim-common-8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64.rpm 1.6 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:03 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.1 MB/s | 7.8 MB 00:07 warning: /var/cache/dnf/AppStream-02e86d1c976ab532/packages/gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 8483c65d: NOKEY CentOS-8 - AppStream 164 kB/s | 1.6 kB 00:00 Importing GPG key 0x8483C65D: Userid : "CentOS (CentOS Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" Fingerprint: 99DB 70FA E1D7 CE22 7FB6 4882 05B5 55B3 8483 C65D From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial Key imported successfully Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 1/5 Installing : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 2/5 Installing : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/5 Installing : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5 Running scriptlet: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 4/5 Installing : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5 Running scriptlet: vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5 Running scriptlet: vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 2/5 Verifying : vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch 4/5 Verifying : which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 5/5 Installed: gpm-libs-1.20.7-15.el8.x86_64 vim-common-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-enhanced-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.x86_64 vim-filesystem-2:8.0.1763-13.el8.noarch which-2.21-12.el8.x86_64 Complete! Removing intermediate container 48de8ec2599f ---> 67e8a0acea34 Step 7/15 : ENV MYPATH /usr/local ---> Running in 7f9f7b16c0c7 Removing intermediate container 7f9f7b16c0c7 ---> b2bb634a8eaf Step 8/15 : WORKDIR $MYPATH ---> Running in ecabfcbb7b63 Removing intermediate container ecabfcbb7b63 ---> 890ebfa171ef Step 9/15 : ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_251 ---> Running in 4a850f2244be Removing intermediate container 4a850f2244be ---> 0ea38511996b Step 10/15 : ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar ---> Running in 90b15750b921 Removing intermediate container 90b15750b921 ---> 78a3bde77d24 Step 11/15 : ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36 ---> Running in dc22ec6b85ba Removing intermediate container dc22ec6b85ba ---> cd983a9c11c4 Step 12/15 : ENV CATALINA_BASH /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36 ---> Running in 576517e09b20 Removing intermediate container 576517e09b20 ---> 37090bb413f6 Step 13/15 : ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin ---> Running in c9722175c830 Removing intermediate container c9722175c830 ---> dd856f0441ba Step 14/15 : EXPOSE 8080 ---> Running in afee5049c7e2 Removing intermediate container afee5049c7e2 ---> b90129ca6890 Step 15/15 : CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36/bin/startup.sh && tail -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36/bin/logs/catalina.out ---> Running in 398823b49d9f Removing intermediate container 398823b49d9f ---> a0596a8007d9 Successfully built a0596a8007d9 Successfully tagged mytomcat:1.0运行镜像
[root@lazyr myTomcat]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 About a minute ago 694MB [root@lazyr myTomcat]# docker run -d -p 3456:8080 --name myTomcat -v /home/wjr/myTomcat/myWeb:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36/webapps/myWeb -v /home/wjr/myTomcat/myLogs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-9.0.36/logs mytomcat:1.0 795a1adeac2afc995d3c9a0cd3a3e18150762e570ca2553d663155e9b4b8fb1e网站访问：http://119.23.231.254:3456/
发布项目
# 往myWeb文件夹里上传自己的网站代码 [root@lazyr myWeb]# pwd /home/wjr/myTomcat/myWeb [root@lazyr myWeb]# ls index.jsp WEB-INF访问网站：http://119.23.231.254:3456/myWeb/
- 什么是DockerHub？
- DockerHub 是一个由 Docker 公司运行和管理的基于云的存储库。
- 它是一个在线存储库，Docker 镜像可以由其他用户发布和使用。
- 有两种库：公共存储库和私有存储库。如果你是一家公司，你可以在你自己的组织内拥有一个私有存储库，而公共镜像可以被任何人使用。
- 网址
- https://hub.docker.com/
# 登陆dockerhub docker login -u username # 详细用法 Usage: docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER] Log in to a Docker registry. If no server is specified, the default is defined by the daemon. Options: -p, --password string Password --password-stdin Take the password from stdin -u, --username string Username # 实例测试 [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker login -u lazyr Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded# 创建TAG docker tag 镜像名/镜像Id 新镜像名:TAG # 详细用法 Usage: docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG] # 实例测试 [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 49 minutes ago 694MB [root@lazyr myLogs]# clear [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker tag mytomcat:1.0 lazyr/mytomcat:1.0 [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE lazyr/mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 53 minutes ago 694MB mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 53 minutes ago 694M# 提交镜像（提交前先登陆） docker push imageName:TAG # 详细用法 [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker push --help Usage: docker push [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG] Push an image or a repository to a registry Options: --disable-content-trust Skip image signing (default true) # 实例测试
push的镜像名格式需要符合DockerHub的规范
登陆DockerHub账号
[root@lazyr myLogs]# docker login -u lazyr Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded若镜像名不符合DockerHub规范，则修改镜像名
lazyr/imageName:TAG[root@lazyr myLogs]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 49 minutes ago 694MB [root@lazyr myLogs]# clear [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker tag mytomcat:1.0 lazyr/mytomcat:1.0 [root@lazyr myLogs]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE lazyr/mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 53 minutes ago 694MB mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 53 minutes ago上传镜像到DockerHub
[root@lazyr myLogs]# docker push lazyr/mytomcat:1.0 The push refers to repository [docker.io/lazyr/mytomcat] f515b87da940: Pushed f581e826f5e0: Pushed 93dc96f5b9d7: Pushed 81a6da5c65ed: Pushed 291f6e44771a: Pushed 1.0: digest: sha256:88710d7781ae9fe1cdb4f2339c2331a682efd7eb2d40d44d27e81253458b4d27 size: 1373查看仓库
登陆阿里云网站，进入控制台找到容器镜像服务
创建命名空间
点击进入仓库，按照步骤走
登陆账号
[root@lazyr ~]# sudo docker login --username=画鸡蛋de达芬奇 registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com Password: WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json. Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store Login Succeeded若镜像名不符合阿里云规范，则修改镜像名
registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/lazy-r/imageName:TAG[root@lazyr ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE 694MB mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 2 hours ago 694MB [root@lazyr ~]# sudo docker tag mytomcat:1.0 registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/lazy-r/mytomcat:1.0 [root@lazyr ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 2 hours ago 694MB registry.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/lazy-r/mytomcat 1.0 a0596a8007d9 2 hours ago 694MB上传到阿里云
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Docker运行结构图[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-EgwuqSVl-1600620014569)(F:\work\myBlogs\study\Docker学习{6D6EC969-A60A-F9FC-6AA9-2024066833DF}.jpg)]
Docker指令结构图[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-XY75mVQj-1600620014570)(F:\work\myBlogs\study\Docker学习\timg-1599736715771.jfif)]
Dockerfile运行流程图
清空所有镜像、容器，方便理解；
服务器网卡
# 查看ip地址 [root@lazyr myLogs]# ip addr # 本地回环地址：127.0.0.1 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 阿里云内网地址：172.17.54.90 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:0a:7c:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.54.90/20 brd 172.17.63.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 314658825sec preferred_lft 314658825sec # docker地址：172.18.0.1 3: docker0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN link/ether 02:42:fe:6d:7e:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
创建并运行Tomcat容器
[root@lazyr myLogs]# docker run -d -P --name tomcatTest tomcat Unable to find image 'tomcat:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/tomcat 57df1a1f1ad8: Pull complete 71e126169501: Pull complete 1af28a55c3f3: Pull complete 03f1c9932170: Pull complete 881ad7aafb13: Pull complete 9c0ffd4062f3: Pull complete bd62e479351a: Pull complete 48ee8bc64dbc: Pull complete 6daad3485ea7: Pull complete bc07a0199230: Pull complete Digest: sha256:c2b033c9cee06d6a3eb5a4d082935bbb8afee7478e97dcd6bc452bb6ab28da4b Status: Downloaded newer image for tomcat:latest baadcb945097bf3a0983618ccb9865bd7cbfbe0df9d048730a0bf6af8b11b180查看容器的内部网卡
[root@lazyr myLogs]# docker exec -it tomcatTest ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # docker分配的ip地址：172.18.0.2 104: eth0@if105: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:12:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.18.0.2/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever尝试ping容器内部分配的ip
# Linux可以ping通Docker容器内部的IP [root@lazyr myLogs]# ping 172.18.0.2 PING 172.18.0.2 (172.18.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.097 ms 64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.068 ms 64 bytes from 172.18.0.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.068 ms # ...再次测试服务器网卡
[root@lazyr myLogs]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:16:3e:0a:7c:79 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.54.90/20 brd 172.17.63.255 scope global dynamic eth0 valid_lft 314657936sec preferred_lft 314657936sec 3: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link/ether 02:42:fe:6d:7e:ba brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 105: vethf83b738@if104: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP link/ether 06:97:86:d5:29:c3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0刚才新建一个容器，多出的网卡
# Docker内多的网卡 104: eth0@if105: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:12:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.18.0.2/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 服务器多的网卡 105: vethf83b738@if104: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP link/ether 06:97:86:d5:29:c3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0再新建一个容器，多出的网卡
# Docker内多的网卡 106: eth0@if107: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 02:42:ac:12:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0 inet 172.18.0.3/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global eth0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # 服务器多的网卡 107: vethf502f74@if106: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP link/ether 22:c1:6b:9d:8e:20 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
Docker安装和启动
- 只要安装了Docker，就会有一个Docker0IP地址；
- 每启动一个Docker容器，Docker就会给Docker容器分配一个IP；
查看Docker网络详情
# 查看docker网络详情 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 7bedd0e5ee27 bridge bridge local c00558472d7d host host local 2134ca138baf none null local网络模式
网络模式 说明 host host模式，容器和宿主机共享Network namespace container container模式，容器和另外一个容器共享Network namespace none none模式，容器有独立的Network namespace，但并没有对其进行任何网络设置，如分配veth pair 和网桥连接，配置IP等 bridge 桥接模式默认为该模式 host模式
- 如果启动容器的时候使用host模式，那么这个容器将不会获得一个独立的Network Namespace，而是和宿主机共用一个Network Namespace。容器将不会虚拟出自己的网卡，配置自己的IP等，而是使用宿主机的IP和端口。但是，容器的其他方面，如文件系统、进程列表等还是和宿主机隔离的；
- 使用host模式的容器可以直接使用宿主机的IP地址与外界通信，容器内部的服务端口也可以使用宿主机的端口，不需要进行NAT，host最大的优势就是网络性能比较好，但是docker host上已经使用的端口就不能再用了，网络的隔离性不好；
- 一句话，容器直接使用宿主机网络。同样启动一个nginx，此时共享主机网络；
container模式
- 这个模式指定新创建的容器和已经存在的一个容器共享一个 Network Namespace，而不是和宿主机共享。新创建的容器不会创建自己的网卡，配置自己的 IP，而是和一个指定的容器共享 IP、端口范围等。同样，两个容器除了网络方面，其他的如文件系统、进程列表等还是隔离的。两个容器的进程可以通过 lo 网卡设备通信；
- 一句话，两容器共同使用同一网卡、主机名、IP地址，容器间通讯可直接通过lo回环接口通讯，但是其他名称空间是隔离的，例如User、Mount；
none模式
- 使用none模式，Docker容器拥有自己的Network Namespace，但是，并不为Docker容器进行任何网络配置。也就是说，这个Docker容器没有网卡、IP、路由等信息。需要我们自己为Docker容器添加网卡、配置IP等；
- 这种网络模式下容器只有lo回环网络，没有其他网卡。none模式可以在容器创建时通过–network=none来指定。这种类型的网络没有办法联网，封闭的网络能很好的保证容器的安全性；
- 一句话，若不自定义配置网络配置，则无法联网；
bridge模式
- 当Docker进程启动时，会在主机上创建一个名为docker0的虚拟网桥，此主机上启动的Docker容器会连接到这个虚拟网桥上。虚拟网桥的工作方式和物理交换机类似，这样主机上的所有容器就通过交换机连在了一个二层网络中；
- 从docker0子网中分配一个IP给容器使用，并设置docker0的IP地址为容器的默认网关。在主机上创建一对虚拟网卡veth pair设备，Docker将veth pair设备的一端放在新创建的容器中，并命名为eth0（容器的网卡），另一端放在主机中，以vethxxx这样类似的名字命名，并将这个网络设备加入到docker0网桥中。可以通过brctl show命令查看；
- bridge模式是docker的默认网络模式，不写–net参数，就是bridge模式。使用docker run -p时，docker实际是在iptables做了DNAT规则，实现端口转发功能。可以使用iptables -t nat -vnL查看；
- 一句话，容器相当于共用一个网桥接收和发送消息；
- 在一个微服务里，数据库的url=ip，若想不重启项目就更换数据库ip，如何解决？
- 在SpringCloud里的feign采用的是调用微服务名的方式来解决更换微服务ip的问题；
- 根据SpringCloud的思路，我们可以采用容器名的方式访问。
–link指令就是为了解决容器互联问题而产生的（
目前不推荐使用）使用
# 未使用--link互联，无法通过容器名ping通 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it tomcatTest ping tomcatTest2 ping: tomcatTest2: Name or service not known # 通过--link互联tomcatTest2和tomcatTest3 [root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcatTest3 --link tomcatTest2 tomcat 1801ae965edf5df349674c15a074b7227fc498a4d0eb6166ab493a94b18de83a # tomcatTest3可以ping通tomcatTest2 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it tomcatTest3 ping tomcatTest2 PING tomcatTest2 (172.18.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from tomcatTest2 (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.124 ms 64 bytes from tomcatTest2 (172.18.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.085 ms # tomcatTest2不可以ping通tomcatTest3 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it tomcatTest2 ping tomcatTest3 ping: tomcatTest3: Name or service not known查看Docker网络详情
# 查看docker网络详情 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 7bedd0e5ee27 bridge bridge local c00558472d7d host host local 2134ca138baf none null local # 查看具体网络id详情 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network inspect 7bedd0e5ee27 [ { "Name": "bridge", "Id": "7bedd0e5ee271027f2d6a2d9a6d448187d6a6c8656217271085a207df0ac71ba", "Created": "2020-09-10T15:00:36.244407138+08:00", "Scope": "local", "Driver": "bridge", "EnableIPv6": false, "IPAM": { "Driver": "default", "Options": null, "Config": [ { # 子网掩码 "Subnet": "172.18.0.0/16", # docker0的ip "Gateway": "172.18.0.1" } ] }, "Internal": false, "Attachable": false, "Ingress": false, "ConfigFrom": { "Network": "" }, "ConfigOnly": false, # 容器的详细信息 "Containers": { "1801ae965edf5df349674c15a074b7227fc498a4d0eb6166ab493a94b18de83a": { "Name": "tomcatTest3", "EndpointID": "c0dda48528c8823a689b07e152ab6e582b1958e0b2a9b311ab3a4c38c229a6a8", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:04", "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.4/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, "2f7e07c4f66c2a4d1859680adcc7968e7ac9798c3395ff7e6badac7b272a806d": { "Name": "tomcatTest2", "EndpointID": "b12fe98acbe4c651ef0d9293f223f332ec9002caff35b69be690454b97893a08", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03", "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.3/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, "baadcb945097bf3a0983618ccb9865bd7cbfbe0df9d048730a0bf6af8b11b180": { "Name": "tomcatTest", "EndpointID": "8d6e400bb34c9ef1675a71c635979d3273af4cd43d1cf3f6b6d585747337cc80", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02", "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.2/16", "IPv6Address": "" } }, # ... } ]–link的原理
# 查看tomcatTest3容器内部信息 [root@lazyr ~]# docker inspect 1801ae965edf [ # ... "Links": [ "/tomcatTest2:/tomcatTest3/tomcatTest2" ], # ... ] # 查看tomcatTest3的hosts文件 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it tomcatTest3 cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters # --link本质就是添加了容器的hosts映射关系 172.18.0.3 tomcatTest2 2f7e07c4f66c 172.18.0.4 1801ae965edf
创建容器指令
# 创建桥接模式的容器 docker run --net bridge imageName/imageId
指令参数 说明 –net bridge 以桥接模式创建容器 –net none 以none模式创建容器 –net host 以host模式创建容器 –net container 以container模式创建容器 创建网络
# 创建桥接模式的网络 docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 netName
指令参数 说明 –driver bridge 网络模式（默认为bridge） –subnet 192.168.0.0/16 子网掩码 –gateway 192.168.0.1 网关 使用
# 创建自己的网络 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 myNet 966f6bc9c42999faaa582dbdc916a08433d4a26a3adda082aa1d4a3d1c5fd3b1 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 7bedd0e5ee27 bridge bridge local c00558472d7d host host local 88a7b532a92c myNet bridge local 2134ca138baf none null local # 在自定义的网络下创建容器 [root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-myNet-01 --net myNet tomcat bc2c094aaeab31987962457e1ccbdbe8d4a1e1cc047816afd6978e37a46d77a4 [root@lazyr ~]# docker run -d -P --name tomcat-myNet-02 --net myNet tomcat 16f5db1d26dd975dd080b80a20eb7f5d4328cb8a2726e7a2cb2318adce0cad92 # 查看自定义网络详细信息 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network inspect myNet [ { "Name": "myNet", "Id": "88a7b532a92c4ccdb76cb4d9e509268e3ce5202b4dc05ddbff38db2a4da44430", "Created": "2020-09-13T16:38:34.30615316+08:00", "Scope": "local", "Driver": "bridge", "EnableIPv6": false, "IPAM": { "Driver": "default", "Options": {}, "Config": [ { "Subnet": "192.168.0.0/16", "Gateway": "192.168.0.1" } ] }, "Internal": false, "Attachable": false, "Ingress": false, "ConfigFrom": { "Network": "" }, "ConfigOnly": false, "Containers": { "16f5db1d26dd975dd080b80a20eb7f5d4328cb8a2726e7a2cb2318adce0cad92": { "Name": "tomcat-myNet-02", "EndpointID": "b6e3136ca3656835f72c165dbf6bb453d24c9934838f52e6ee56d2829c53d3e2", "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03", "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, "bc2c094aaeab31987962457e1ccbdbe8d4a1e1cc047816afd6978e37a46d77a4": { "Name": "tomcat-myNet-01", "EndpointID": "bf01e6a73cf2eed61f1f98462152f0d55098d1ec36c1503914aa558fa8eff141", "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02", "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16", "IPv6Address": "" } }, "Options": {}, "Labels": {} } ] # 在自定义网络下容器内ping容器名，可以ping成功了 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec -it tomcat-myNet-01 ping tomcat-myNet-02 PING tomcat-myNet-02 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from tomcat-myNet-02.myNet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.090 ms自定义网络优点
- 自定义的网络功能完备，网络内的容器可以通过容器名互相ping通；
- 不同的集群可以使用的网络（使用不同的子网），保证集群是安全和健康的；
初始条件
# 初始条件，两个在docker0网络下的容器，两个在myNet网络下的容器 [root@lazyr ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES # docker0网络下的两个容器 a1ced5f72614 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 10 seconds ago Up 9 seconds 0.0.0.0:32774->8080/tcp tomcat-02 667e27adfa73 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 14 seconds ago Up 13 seconds 0.0.0.0:32773->8080/tcp tomcat-01 # myNet网络下的两个容器 16f5db1d26dd tomcat "catalina.sh run" 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 0.0.0.0:32772->8080/tcp tomcat-myNet-02 bc2c094aaeab tomcat "catalina.sh run" 33 minutes ago Up 33 minutes 0.0.0.0:32771->8080/tcp tomcat-myNet-01为什么要网络联通？
在Docker里不同的网络内的容器默认是无法通过容器名ping通的，所以要实现网络联通；
# 无法ping通 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec tomcat-01 ping tomcat-myNet-01 ping: tomcat-myNet-01: Name or service not known
实现网络联通
连接docker0网络的tomcat-01容器到myNet网络
[root@lazyr ~]# docker network connect myNet tomcat-01查看myNet网络详情
[root@lazyr ~]# docker network inspect myNet [ # ... "Containers": { "16f5db1d26dd975dd080b80a20eb7f5d4328cb8a2726e7a2cb2318adce0cad92": { "Name": "tomcat-myNet-02", "EndpointID": "b6e3136ca3656835f72c165dbf6bb453d24c9934838f52e6ee56d2829c53d3e2", "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:03", "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.3/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, # docker0网络下的tomcat-01容器信息配置在了myNet网络里 "667e27adfa7311c9b426b1c578d35eb923a03cbfc090fcd29bd610f6e1d96ce3": { "Name": "tomcat-01", "EndpointID": "73f55fe0408794405b76fb80471fa5da5dd2ef0222c333c41dc829aa210a79a9", "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:04", "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.4/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, "bc2c094aaeab31987962457e1ccbdbe8d4a1e1cc047816afd6978e37a46d77a4": { "Name": "tomcat-myNet-01", "EndpointID": "bf01e6a73cf2eed61f1f98462152f0d55098d1ec36c1503914aa558fa8eff141", "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:00:02", "IPv4Address": "192.168.0.2/16", "IPv6Address": "" } }, #... ]docker0网络下的容器tomcat01ping网络myNet下tomcat-myNet-01名
# ping通成功 [root@lazyr ~]# docker exec tomcat-01 ping tomcat-myNet-01 PING tomcat-myNet-01 (192.168.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from tomcat-myNet-01.myNet (192.168.0.2): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.098 ms查看docker0网络详情
[root@lazyr ~]# docker network inspect 7bedd0e5ee27 [ #... "Containers": { # docker0中也有tomcat-01的信息 "45f71d621ac8d657f1a624467be580713c8afd7ccdcfd0f1b3a5a6c042ef3380": { "Name": "tomcat-01", "EndpointID": "303ce6da7cfd11755eef48ba1962cbaa43352c87c64db2a6d846a6d385e2d6fc", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:02", "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.2/16", "IPv6Address": "" }, "a1ced5f72614b319815835430ce9549a3db8c9dc75af4fbf13bc970eac41d370": { "Name": "tomcat-02", "EndpointID": "a92d766a5b1f948bc639432cb99bd7a8695215c43d506833f8939e10d5f33b5d", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:12:00:03", "IPv4Address": "172.18.0.3/16", "IPv6Address": "" } }, #... ]网络互联原理
- 通过查看docker0网络详情和myNet网络详情发现，
tomcat-01容器在两个网络下都具有网卡,所以才可以实现网络互通；
- 集群介绍
实现的功能：分片+高可用+负载均衡；
主从数据库之间数据同步，若主数据库崩溃了，从数据库代替主数据库工作；
集群框架
在Docker里创建Redis网卡
# 创建网卡 docker network create --subnet 112.38.0.0/16 --gateway 112.38.0.1 redisNet# 运行指令 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network create --subnet 112.38.0.0/16 --gateway 112.38.0.1 redisNet cdfb7f91bbcf1029ba783af6b470237fb54cddbc6db4b19b2534e5f964ba1719 # 查看docker网络信息 [root@lazyr ~]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE 7bedd0e5ee27 bridge bridge local c00558472d7d host host local 2134ca138baf none null local cdfb7f91bbcf redisNet bridge local通过脚本创建六个Redis配置（直接粘贴复制到命令行执行）
for port in $(seq 1 6); \ do \ mkdir -p /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf touch /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf cat << EOF >/mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf port 6379 bind 0.0.0.0 cluster-enabled yes cluster-config-file nodes.conf cluster-node-timeout 50000 cluster-announce-ip 112.38.0.1${port} cluster-announce-port 6379 cluster-announce-bus-port 16379 appendonly yes EOF done#运行脚本 [root@lazyr /]# for port in $(seq 1 6); \ > do \ > mkdir -p /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf > touch /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf > cat << EOF >/mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf > port 6379 > bind 0.0.0.0 > cluster-enabled yes > cluster-config-file nodes.conf > cluster-node-timeout 50000 > cluster-announce-ip 112.38.0.1${port} > cluster-announce-port 6379 > cluster-announce-bus-port 16379 > appendonly yes > EOF > done # 查看创建结果（创建成功） [root@lazyr /]# cd /mydata/ [root@lazyr mydata]# ls redis [root@lazyr mydata]# cd redis/ [root@lazyr redis]# ls node-1 node-2 node-3 node-4 node-5 node-6创建并运行Redis容器
# 创建并允许六个容器的脚本 for port in $(seq 1 6); \ do \ docker run -d -p 334${port}:6379 -p 400${port}:16379 --name redis-${port} \ -v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/data:/data \ -v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \ --net redisNet --ip 112.38.0.1${port} \ redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 \ redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf done# 运行脚本 [root@lazyr conf]# for port in $(seq 1 6); \ > do \ > docker run -d -p 334${port}:6379 -p 400${port}:16379 --name redis-${port} \ > -v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/data:/data \ # 挂载目录 > -v /mydata/redis/node-${port}/conf/redis.conf:/etc/redis/redis.conf \ # 创建在Docker的redisNet网络中，并绑定ip > --net redisNet --ip 112.38.0.1${port} \ # 运行redis镜像版本 > redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 \ # 启动redis > redis-server /etc/redis/redis.conf > done cde1a865fb48a342e0360e39026d5b93313716222362d260cce2dc37b927f2af 48e0f64da664ed64cade01e6a771389f53f3dc04b5025faaa4dbaf82476258b1 66c28da514906fd3ed48880386e525fd49016fb66c4d50a80691fe65a204e76a c6c9da54b19a466e6e5dc6cb8c25f5d80d27ac62750c084b47e46ddea0db2d1a 5890f8fadc77b4dfa182a51d8709f949c6cac8becf584da6ffa96aaf734b5ea9 c0594438efa0c59de41f7e20a4ac437ac3df7e37a15fe78b28c30e8c90629424 # 查看创建并运行的脚本 [root@lazyr conf]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES c0594438efa0 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3346->6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4006->16379/tcp redis-6 5890f8fadc77 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3345->6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4005->16379/tcp redis-5 c6c9da54b19a redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3344->6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4004->16379/tcp redis-4 66c28da51490 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:3343->6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4003->16379/tcp redis-3 48e0f64da664 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:3342->6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4002->16379/tcp redis-2 cde1a865fb48 redis:5.0.9-alpine3.11 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 seconds ago Up 5 seconds 0.0.0.0:3341->6379/tcp, 0.0.0.0:4001->16379/tcp redis-1随机进入一个容器查看详细内容
[root@lazyr /]# docker exec -it redis-1 /bin/sh /data # ls appendonly.aof nodes.conf在容器内创建集群
# 在redis容器内使用 redis-cli --cluster create 112.38.0.11:6379 112.38.0.12:6379 112.38.0.13:6379 112.38.0.14:6379 112.38.0.15:6379 112.38.0.16:6379 --cluster-replicas 1# 创建集群 /data # redis-cli --cluster create 112.38.0.11:6379 112.38.0.12:6379 112.38.0.13:6379 112.38.0.14:6379 112.38.0.15:6379 112.38.0.16:6379 --cluster-replicas 1 >>> Performing hash slots allocation on 6 nodes... Master[0] -> Slots 0 - 5460 Master[1] -> Slots 5461 - 10922 Master[2] -> Slots 10923 - 16383 Adding replica 112.38.0.15:6379 to 112.38.0.11:6379 Adding replica 112.38.0.16:6379 to 112.38.0.12:6379 Adding replica 112.38.0.14:6379 to 112.38.0.13:6379 M: cab9f7566ac3a65d7f3e4c813b7f9b3fff6cc4ae 112.38.0.11:6379 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master M: 97d480c1cb21cc0b3537a813877acf610111cec0 112.38.0.12:6379 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master M: e0748630ff78bcffe0476adb76ad2689a6632cbc 112.38.0.13:6379 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master S: b15ebc328085133637370742e8a869ee50fb09ce 112.38.0.14:6379 replicates e0748630ff78bcffe0476adb76ad2689a6632cbc S: b36387fad1487a5f82b4e535b4936fdc1e699040 112.38.0.15:6379 replicates cab9f7566ac3a65d7f3e4c813b7f9b3fff6cc4ae S: d168a9353f9c4d4f341eef277d84306c975158a0 112.38.0.16:6379 replicates 97d480c1cb21cc0b3537a813877acf610111cec0 # 填写yes Can I set the above configuration? (type 'yes' to accept): yes >>> Nodes configuration updated >>> Assign a different config epoch to each node >>> Sending CLUSTER MEET messages to join the cluster Waiting for the cluster to join ....... >>> Performing Cluster Check (using node 112.38.0.11:6379) M: cab9f7566ac3a65d7f3e4c813b7f9b3fff6cc4ae 112.38.0.11:6379 slots:[0-5460] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) M: e0748630ff78bcffe0476adb76ad2689a6632cbc 112.38.0.13:6379 slots:[10923-16383] (5461 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: d168a9353f9c4d4f341eef277d84306c975158a0 112.38.0.16:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates 97d480c1cb21cc0b3537a813877acf610111cec0 S: b36387fad1487a5f82b4e535b4936fdc1e699040 112.38.0.15:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates cab9f7566ac3a65d7f3e4c813b7f9b3fff6cc4ae M: 97d480c1cb21cc0b3537a813877acf610111cec0 112.38.0.12:6379 slots:[5461-10922] (5462 slots) master 1 additional replica(s) S: b15ebc328085133637370742e8a869ee50fb09ce 112.38.0.14:6379 slots: (0 slots) slave replicates e0748630ff78bcffe0476adb76ad2689a6632cbc [OK] All nodes agree about slots configuration. >>> Check for open slots... >>> Check slots coverage... [OK] All 16384 slots covered.测试
/data # redis-cli -c 127.0.0.1:6379> cluster info cluster_state:ok cluster_slots_assigned:16384 cluster_slots_ok:16384 cluster_slots_pfail:0 cluster_slots_fail:0 cluster_known_nodes:6 cluster_size:3 cluster_current_epoch:6 cluster_my_epoch:1 cluster_stats_messages_ping_sent:344 cluster_stats_messages_pong_sent:346 cluster_stats_messages_sent:690 cluster_stats_messages_ping_received:341 cluster_stats_messages_pong_received:344 cluster_stats_messages_meet_received:5 cluster_stats_messages_received:690 127.0.0.1:6379> cluster nodes e0748630ff78bcffe0476adb76ad2689a6632cbc 112.38.0.13:6379@16379 master - 0 1600000891972 3 connected 10923-16383 d168a9353f9c4d4f341eef277d84306c975158a0 112.38.0.16:6379@16379 slave 97d480c1cb21cc0b3537a813877acf610111cec0 0 1600000890970 6 connected b36387fad1487a5f82b4e535b4936fdc1e699040 112.38.0.15:6379@16379 slave cab9f7566ac3a65d7f3e4c813b7f9b3fff6cc4ae 0 1600000890000 5 connected 97d480c1cb21cc0b3537a813877acf610111cec0 112.38.0.12:6379@16379 master - 0 1600000890000 2 connected 5461-10922 cab9f7566ac3a65d7f3e4c813b7f9b3fff6cc4ae 112.38.0.11:6379@16379 myself,master - 0 1600000890000 1 connected 0-5460 b15ebc328085133637370742e8a869ee50fb09ce 112.38.0.14:6379@16379 slave e0748630ff78bcffe0476adb76ad2689a6632cbc 0 1600000889967 4 connected 127.0.0.1:6379> set a b -> Redirected to slot [15495] located at 112.38.0.13:6379 OK
- 准备一个SpringBoot的hello项目
测试运行SpringBoot项目
打包应用
本地测试运行jar包
编写Dockerfile
在服务器创建镜像存放目录
把jar包和Dockerfile文件上传到新建目录
构建镜像
运行镜像
访问网页
登陆DockerHub
修改镜像名至标准格式，然后push到DockerHub
查看DockerHub网站
