相机 （2）旋转

1.1 LookAt矩阵

用这3个轴外加一个平移向量来创建一个矩阵，并且你可以用这个矩阵乘以任何向量来将其变换到那个坐标空间

R是右向量
U是上向量
D是方向向量
P是摄像机位置向量

glm::LookAt函数需要一个位置、目标和上向量以得到观察矩阵。

glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 3.0f), 
           glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), 
           glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f));

随时间旋转

float radius = 10.0f;
float camX = sin(glfwGetTime()) * radius;
float camZ = cos(glfwGetTime()) * radius;
glm::mat4 view;
view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(camX, 0.0, camZ), glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0), glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));

1.2 自由移动

定义摄像机变量

glm::vec3 cameraPos   = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f,  3.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraFront = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);
glm::vec3 cameraUp    = glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f,  0.0f);

view = glm::lookAt(cameraPos, cameraPos + cameraFront, cameraUp);

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
    ...
    float cameraSpeed = 0.05f; // adjust accordingly
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_W) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos += cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_S) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos -= cameraSpeed * cameraFront;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_A) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos -= glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
    if (glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_D) == GLFW_PRESS)
        cameraPos += glm::normalize(glm::cross(cameraFront, cameraUp)) * cameraSpeed;
}

• 移动速度

float deltaTime = 0.0f; // 当前帧与上一帧的时间差
float lastFrame = 0.0f; // 上一帧的时间

在每一帧中我们计算出新的deltaTime以备后用。

float currentFrame = glfwGetTime();
deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame;
lastFrame = currentFrame;

void processInput(GLFWwindow *window)
{
  float cameraSpeed = 2.5f * deltaTime;
  ...
}