Python-PyQt5-图形可视化界面(3)--按钮--Qpushbutton

2023-10-29

Python-PyQt5-图形可视化界面(3)--按钮--Qpushbutton

转载自：Python-PyQt5-图形可视化界面(3)--按钮--Qpushbutton - 简书
https://www.jianshu.com/p/a3f29d3bb234

PyQt5中按钮是一个QpushButton，可以提供一个点击的按钮来触发摸一个事件。

按钮可以显示图片或者文字。

创建按钮

我们在第一节的mainwindow上创建一个按钮，代码如下：


from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):

        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")

        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)

        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240, 75, 23))

        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')

        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_mainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)

    mainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

image

这里只是单单创建一个按钮，按钮点击并没有任何作用。

同样按钮也可以进行各种设置。

image

除了上图几种方法，再介绍另外几种方法。

（1）设置字体大小，加粗，字型

font = QtGui.QFont()

font.setFamily('微软雅黑')

 font.setBold(True)

font.setPointSize(13)

font.setWeight(75)

self.pushButton.setFont(font)

这个方法是通用的。几乎PyQt其他组件也能用。

image

（2）设置图片

icon = QtGui.QIcon()

icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("logo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)

self.pushButton.setIcon(icon)

self.pushButton.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 80))

self.pushButton.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)

image

无图代码

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):

        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")

        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)

        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240,200, 53))

        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        self.pushButton.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        # self.pushButton.setFlat(True)

        self.pushButton.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(164, 185, 255);"

"border-color: rgb(170, 150, 163);"

"font: 75 12pt \"Arial Narrow\";"

"color: rgb(126, 255, 46);")

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')

        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_mainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)

    mainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

image

有图代码

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):

        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")

        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)

        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240,200, 53))

        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        self.pushButton.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        # self.pushButton.setFlat(True)

        self.pushButton.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(164, 185, 255);"

"border-color: rgb(170, 150, 163);"

"font: 75 12pt \"Arial Narrow\";"

"color: rgb(126, 255, 46);")

        icon = QtGui.QIcon()

        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("logo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)

        self.pushButton.setIcon(icon)

        self.pushButton.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 80))

        self.pushButton.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')

        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_mainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)

    mainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

image

绑定按钮事件

我们给按钮绑定触发时间，用：

pushbutton.clicked.connect()

（1）退出事件

我们给按钮绑定退出事件:

self.pushButton.clicked.connect(mainWindow.close)

image

最终代码如下：

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):

        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")

        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)

        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240,200, 53))

        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        self.pushButton.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        # self.pushButton.setFlat(True)

        self.pushButton.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(164, 185, 255);"

"border-color: rgb(170, 150, 163);"

"font: 75 12pt \"Arial Narrow\";"

"color: rgb(126, 255, 46);")

        icon = QtGui.QIcon()

        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("logo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)

        self.pushButton.setIcon(icon)

        self.pushButton.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 80))

        self.pushButton.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(mainWindow.close)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')

        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_mainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)

    mainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

（2）自定义事件

我们把第一二三节的内容结合起来，在主窗口上创建一个Qlabel，Qpushbutton。

image

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):

        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")

        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)

        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralWidget)

        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 60, 191, 61))

        self.label.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        self.label.setObjectName("label")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240,200, 53))

        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        self.pushButton.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        # self.pushButton.setFlat(True)

        self.pushButton.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(164, 185, 255);"

"border-color: rgb(170, 150, 163);"

"font: 75 12pt \"Arial Narrow\";"

"color: rgb(126, 255, 46);")

        icon = QtGui.QIcon()

        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("logo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)

        self.pushButton.setIcon(icon)

        self.pushButton.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 80))

        self.pushButton.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')

        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_mainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)

    mainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

1、事件1

我们现在自定义事件，按按钮使得Qlabel的内容发生变化：

image

事件函数：

def setText_qlabel(self):

    self.label.setText('我要变成大白菜了')

事件绑定：

**self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.setText_qlabel)**

定义事件就是定义一个函数，再绑定给按钮。

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):

    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):

        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")

        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)

        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)

        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)

        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralWidget)

        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 60, 191, 61))

        self.label.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        self.label.setObjectName("label")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)

        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240,200, 53))

        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")

        self.pushButton.setText("一颗数据小白菜")

        self.pushButton.setFlat(True)

        self.pushButton.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(164, 185, 255);"

"border-color: rgb(170, 150, 163);"

"font: 75 12pt \"Arial Narrow\";"

"color: rgb(126, 255, 46);")

        icon = QtGui.QIcon()

        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("logo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)

        self.pushButton.setIcon(icon)

        self.pushButton.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 80))

        self.pushButton.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)

        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

**        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.setText_qlabel)**

        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):

        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate

        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')

        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))

**    def setText_qlabel(self):**

**          self.label.setText('我要变成大白菜了')**

if __name__ == "__main__":

    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()

    ui = Ui_mainWindow()

    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)

    mainWindow.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())

2、事件2

我们定义事件二，让qlabel发生更多变化

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Ui_mainWindow(object):


    def setupUi(self, mainWindow):
        mainWindow.setObjectName("mainWindow")
        mainWindow.setWindowModality(QtCore.Qt.WindowModal)
        mainWindow.resize(624, 511)
        self.centralWidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(mainWindow)
        self.centralWidget.setObjectName("centralWidget")

        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.centralWidget)
        self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 60, 191, 61))
        self.label.setText("一颗数据小白菜")
        self.label.setObjectName("label")

        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralWidget)
        self.pushButton.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 240,200, 53))
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.pushButton.setText("一颗数据小白菜")
        self.pushButton.setFlat(True)
        self.pushButton.setStyleSheet("background-color: rgb(164, 185, 255);"
"border-color: rgb(170, 150, 163);"
"font: 75 12pt \"Arial Narrow\";"
"color: rgb(126, 255, 46);")

        icon = QtGui.QIcon()
        icon.addPixmap(QtGui.QPixmap("logo.png"), QtGui.QIcon.Normal, QtGui.QIcon.Off)
        self.pushButton.setIcon(icon)
        self.pushButton.setIconSize(QtCore.QSize(50, 80))
        self.pushButton.setAutoRepeatDelay(200)

        mainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralWidget)
        self.retranslateUi(mainWindow)

        self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.setText_qlabel)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(mainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, mainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        mainWindow.setWindowTitle('您好')
        mainWindow.setWindowIcon(QIcon('logo.png'))


    def setText_qlabel(self):
        self.label.setStyleSheet('background-color: rgb(255, 251, 240)')
        font= QtGui.QFont()
        font.setFamily('微软雅黑')
        font.setBold(True)
        font.setPointSize(13)
        font.setWeight(75)
        self.label.setFont(font)
        self.label.setText("<font color=%s>%s</font>" %('#7EC7FF', "欢迎您")) 


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    mainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_mainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(mainWindow)
    mainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Python-PyQt5-图形可视化界面(3)--按钮--Qpushbutton

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