k8s-1.25高可用部署

2023-11-15

文章目录

k8s-1.25高可用部署亲测可用！！！！

k8s-1.25高可用部署亲测可用！！！！

❗ 借鉴网上的博客和网上k8s课程

注意点：

从kubernetes 1.24开始，dockershim已经从kubelet中移除，但因为历史问题docker却不支持kubernetes主推的CRI（容器运行时接口）标准，所以docker不能再作为kubernetes的容器运行时了，即从1.24开始不再使用docker了。
1.25至之后需要配置cri-docker

网络插件kube-flannel.yml里面有个镜像拉不下来

master初始化节点kube-init.yml增加配置cri-docker的内容

配置cri-docker 加参数–pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7 用来指定所用的pause镜像是哪个，否则默认拉取k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.6，会导致安装失败。

执行命令需要指定使用哪个sock 参数：–cri-socket /var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

kubeadm是官方社区推出的一个用于快速部署kubernetes集群的工具。

这个工具能通过两条指令完成一个kubernetes集群的部署：

# 创建一个 Master 节点
$ kubeadm init

# 将一个 Node 节点加入到当前集群中
$ kubeadm join <Master节点的IP和端口 >

1、安装要求

在开始之前，部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件：

一台或多台机器，操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
硬件配置：2GB或更多RAM，2个CPU或更多CPU，硬盘30GB或更多
可以访问外网，需要拉取镜像，如果服务器不能上网，需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
禁止swap分区

2、准备环境

角色	IP
master1	192.168.253.128
master2	192.168.253.129
node1	192.168.253.130
node2	192.168.253.131
nfs	192.168.253.132
vip	192.168.253.135

虚拟机环境初始化：

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

# 关闭selinux
sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
setenforce 0  # 临时

# 关闭swap
swapoff -a  # 临时
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久

# 根据规划设置主机名
hostnamectl set-hostname <hostname>

# 在master和node节点添加hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.253.135    master.k8s.io   vip
192.168.253.128    master01.k8s.io master
192.168.253.129    master02.k8s.io master-sd
192.168.253.130    node01.k8s.io   node1
192.168.253.131    node02.k8s.io   node2
EOF

# 将master和node节点桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system  # 生效

# 时间同步
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate time.windows.com

3、所有master节点部署keepalived

3.1 安装相关包和keepalived

yum install -y conntrack-tools libseccomp libtool-ltdl

yum install -y keepalived

3.2配置master节点

2个master节点配置：

cat > /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf <<EOF 
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id k8s
}

vrrp_script check_haproxy {
    script "killall -0 haproxy"
    interval 3
    weight -2
    fall 10
    rise 2
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER 
    interface ens33 
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 250
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass ceb1b3ec013d66163d6ab
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.253.135
    }
    track_script {
        check_haproxy
    }

}
EOF

3.3 启动和检查

在两台master节点都执行

# 启动keepalived
$ systemctl start keepalived.service

# 设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable keepalived.service

# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status keepalived.service

启动后查看master1的网卡信息

ip a s ens33

4、部署haproxy

4.1 安装

yum install -y haproxy

4.2 配置

两台master节点的配置均相同，配置中声明了后端代理的两个master节点服务器，指定了haproxy运行的端口为16443等，因此16443端口为集群的入口

cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Global settings
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
global
    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will
    # need to:
    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events.  This is done
    #    by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in
    #    /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log
    #   file. A line like the following can be added to
    #   /etc/sysconfig/syslog
    #
    #    local2.*                       /var/log/haproxy.log
    #
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    
    chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
    pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     4000
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon 
       
    # turn on stats unix socket
    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------  
defaults
    mode                    http
    log                     global
    option                  httplog
    option                  dontlognull
    option http-server-close
    option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
    option                  redispatch
    retries                 3
    timeout http-request    10s
    timeout queue           1m
    timeout connect         10s
    timeout client          1m
    timeout server          1m
    timeout http-keep-alive 10s
    timeout check           10s
    maxconn                 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# kubernetes apiserver frontend which proxys to the backends
#--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
frontend kubernetes-apiserver
    mode                 tcp
    bind                 *:16443
    option               tcplog
    default_backend      kubernetes-apiserver    
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend kubernetes-apiserver
    mode        tcp
    balance     roundrobin
    server      master01.k8s.io   192.168.253.128:6443 check
    server      master02.k8s.io   192.168.253.129:6443 check
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# collection haproxy statistics message
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
listen stats
    bind                 *:1080
    stats auth           admin:awesomePassword
    stats refresh        5s
    stats realm          HAProxy\ Statistics
    stats uri            /admin?stats
EOF

4.3 启动和检查

两台master都启动

# 设置开机启动
$ systemctl enable haproxy
# 开启haproxy
$ systemctl start haproxy
# 查看启动状态
$ systemctl status haproxy

检查端口

netstat -lntup|grep haproxy

5、所有节点安装Docker/kubeadm/kubelet

Kubernetes默认CRI（容器运行时）为Docker，因此先安装Docker。

5.1 安装Docker

$ wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
$ yum -y install docker-ce-18.06.1.ce-3.el7
$ systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
$ docker --version
Docker version 18.06.1-ce, build e68fc7a

*1.24版以后exec-opts：官方指定

$ cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://km65z7y3.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
EOF

$ systemctl restart docker

查看docker驱动

$ docker info | grep -i "Cgroup Driver"

5.2 添加阿里云YUM软件源

$ cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

5.3 1.24版本及之后需要安装cri-dockerd

项目地址：https://github.com/Mirantis/cri-dockerd

下载安装包到服务器上

# 安装cri-dockerd
$ yum install -y cri-dockerd-0.2.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpm

# 配置cri-dockerd
$ vi /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service

# ExecStart fd:// 后面加上

--network-plugin=cni --cni-bin-dir=/opt/cni/bin --cni-cache-dir=/var/lib/cni/cache --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.7


# 加载配置
$ systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart cri-docker
# 查看状态
$ systemctl status cri-docker
# 开机启动
$ systemctl enable  cri-docker

5.4 安装kubeadm，kubelet和kubectl

由于版本更新频繁，这里指定版本号部署：

$ yum install -y kubelet-1.25.4 kubeadm-1.25.4 kubectl-1.25.4
$ systemctl enable kubelet

6、部署Kubernetes Master

6.1 创建kubeadm配置文件

在具有vip的master上操作，这里为master-sd

$ vi kubeadm-config.yaml

apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
  - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
  token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
  ttl: 24h0m0s
  usages:
  - signing
  - authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
  advertiseAddress: 192.168.253.129
  bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
  criSocket: unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock
  imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  name: master-sd
  taints: null
---
apiServer:
  certSANs:
    - master1
    - master2
    - master.k8s.io
    - 192.168.253.128
    - 192.168.253.129
    - 192.168.253.135
    - 127.0.0.1
  extraArgs:
    authorization-mode: Node,RBAC
  timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controlPlaneEndpoint: "master.k8s.io:16443"
controllerManager: {}
dns: {}
etcd:
  local:
    dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: 1.25.4
networking:
  dnsDomain: cluster.local
  podSubnet: 10.244.0.0/16
  serviceSubnet: 10.1.0.0/16
scheduler: {}

6.2 在master1节点执行

$ kubeadm init --config kubeadm-config.yaml

按照提示配置环境变量，使用kubectl工具：

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
$ kubectl get nodes
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system

按照提示保存以下内容，一会要使用：

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token jv5z7n.3y1zi95p952y9p65 \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:403bca185c2f3a4791685013499e7ce58f9848e2213e27194b75a2e3293d8812 \
    --control-plane

查看集群状态

kubectl get cs

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

7、master2节点加入集群

7.1 复制密钥及相关文件

从master1复制密钥及相关文件到master2

# ssh root@192.168.253.128 mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

# scp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf root@192.168.253.128:/etc/kubernetes
   
# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/{ca.*,sa.*,front-proxy-ca.*} root@192.168.253.128:/etc/kubernetes/pki
   
# scp /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.* root@192.168.253.128:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd

7.2 master2加入集群

执行在master1上init后输出的join命令,需要带上参数--control-plane表示把master控制节点加入集群

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba --control-plane --cri-socket /var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

检查状态

kubectl get node

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

8、加入Kubernetes Node

在node1上执行

向集群添加新节点，执行在kubeadm init输出的kubeadm join命令：

kubeadm join master.k8s.io:16443 --token ckf7bs.30576l0okocepg8b     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:19afac8b11182f61073e254fb57b9f19ab4d798b70501036fc69ebef46094aba

集群网络重新安装，因为添加了新的node节点

检查状态

kubectl get node

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

9、安装CNI集群网络

从官方地址获取到flannel的yaml，在master1上执行

mkdir flannel
cd flannel
wget -c https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

安装flannel网络

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

这里面有个镜像下载不了【搜索下flannel，使用别的镜像替代】

#image: docker.io/rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.20.2
image: jmgao1983/flannel

检查

kubectl get pods -n kube-system

10、测试kubernetes集群

在Kubernetes集群中创建一个pod，验证是否正常运行：

$ kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx
$ kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --type=NodePort
$ kubectl get pod,svc

访问地址：http://NodeIP:Port

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