“导入错误：无法导入名称多数组”

新程序员来了。

我正在尝试在 Windows 命令提示符中运行脚本，但在导入 numpy 包时遇到问题，并且我不知道出了什么问题/如何修复它。当我在 iPython 中运行该脚本时，它运行得很好。但是，当我在命令提示符中运行它时，我得到以下信息：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\James\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py", 
line 16, in <module>
from . import multiarray
ImportError: cannot import name multiarray

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\James\Documents\Chemistry Year Three\Python 
programming\untitled1.py", line 12, in <module>
    import numpy
  File "C:\Users\James\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\__init__.py", line 
    142, in <module>
    from . import add_newdocs
  File "C:\Users\James\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\add_newdocs.py", 
line 13, in <module>
    from numpy.lib import add_newdoc
  File "C:\Users\James\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\__init__.py", 
line 8, in <module>
    from .type_check import *
  File "C:\Users\James\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\type_check.py", 
line 11, in <module>
    import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
  File "C:\Users\James\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\__init__.py",     
line 26, in <module>
    raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError:
Importing the multiarray numpy extension module failed.  Most
likely you are trying to import a failed build of numpy.
If you're working with a numpy git repo, try `git clean -xdf` (removes all
files not under version control).  Otherwise reinstall numpy.

Original error was: cannot import name multiarray

我使用卸载了 numpy

pip uninstall numpy

虽然它有效，但它给了我这个：

Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled numpy-1.13.3
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 387, in _rmtree_unsafe
    os.unlink(fullname)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied: 
'C:\\Users\\James\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-uninstall- 
_v4vz8dq\\users\\james\\anaconda3\\lib\\site- 
packages\\numpy\\core\\multiarray.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site- 
    packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 143, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)


    File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\uninstall.py", line 78, in run
    uninstall_pathset.commit()
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\req\req_uninstall.py", line 275, in commit
    self.save_dir.cleanup()
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\temp_dir.py", line 81, in cleanup
    rmtree(self.path)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 49, in wrapped_f
    return Retrying(*dargs, **dkw).call(f, *args, **kw)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 212, in call
    raise attempt.get()
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 247, in get
    six.reraise(self.value[0], self.value[1], self.value[2])
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\six.py", line 693, in reraise
    raise value
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\retrying.py", line 200, in call
    attempt = Attempt(fn(*args, **kwargs), attempt_number, False)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\misc.py", line 111, in rmtree
    onerror=rmtree_errorhandler)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 494, in rmtree
    return _rmtree_unsafe(path, onerror)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 384, in _rmtree_unsafe
    _rmtree_unsafe(fullname, onerror)
  [Previous line repeated 3 more times]
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\shutil.py", line 389, in _rmtree_unsafe
    onerror(os.unlink, fullname, sys.exc_info())
  File "c:\users\james\anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\utils\misc.py", line 123, in rmtree_errorhandler
    func(path)
PermissionError: [WinError 5] Access is denied: 'C:\\Users\\James\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-uninstall-_v4vz8dq\\users\\james\\anaconda3\\lib\\site-packages\\numpy\\core\\multiarray.cp36-win_amd64.pyd'

我用 pip show numpy 检查后发现它已被删除 - 它是 - 然后使用以下命令重新安装：pip install numpy，但是我仍然遇到相同的导入问题。有谁知道发生了什么事吗？

我在 Ubuntu 18.04 上使用 python3.7 时遇到了同样的问题，解决方案是：

sudo -H python3.7 -m pip uninstall numpy
sudo apt purge python3-numpy
sudo -H python3.7 -m pip install --upgrade pip
sudo -H python3.7 -m pip install numpy