python tkinter 按钮状态_Python tkinter(一) 按钮(Button)组件的属性说明及示例

2023-05-16

Python tkinter 按钮组件用于tkinter GUI里添加按钮,按钮可以添加文本和图像。当按钮按下时,可以执行指定的函数。

使用语法:

widget = Button( master, parameter=value, ... )

master:按钮控件的父容器

parameter:按钮的参数

value:参数对应的值

各参数之间以逗号分隔。

参数说明:

state

按钮状态选项,状态有DISABLED/NORMAL/ACTIVE

activebackground

当鼠标放上去时,按钮的背景色

activeforeground

当鼠标放上去时,按钮的前景色

bd

按钮边框的大小,默认为 2 个像素

bg

按钮的背景色

fg

按钮的前景色(按钮文本的颜色)

font

文本字体,文字字号,文字字形。字形有overstrike/italic/bold/underline

height

按钮的高度,如未设置此项,其大小以适应按钮的内容(文本或图片的大小)

width

按钮的宽度,如未设置此项,其大小以适应按钮的内容(文本或图片的大小)

image

按钮上要显示的图片,图片必须以变量的形式赋值给image,图片必须是gif格式。

justify

显示多行文本的时候,设置不同行之间的对齐方式,可选项包括LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER

padx

按钮在x轴方向上的内边距(padding),是指按钮的内容与按钮边缘的距离

pady

按钮在y轴方向上的内边距(padding)

relief

边框样式,设置控件显示效果,可选的有:FLAT、SUNKEN、RAISED、GROOVE、RIDGE。

wraplength

限制按钮每行显示的字符的数量,超出限制数量后则换行显示

underline

下划线。默认按钮上的文本都不带下划线。取值就是带下划线的字符串索引,为 0 时,第一个字符带下划线,为 1 时,第两个字符带下划线,以此类推

text

按钮的文本内容

command

按钮关联的函数,当按钮被点击时,执行该函数

代码示例:

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from tkinter import *

class buttons:

def __init__(self):

root = Tk()

root.title("按钮") # 设置窗口标题

root.geometry("600x600") # 设置窗口大小 注意:是x 不是*

'''按钮样式'''

# 按钮文字切换

self.btsd = Label(root, text='按钮文字切换:')

self.bts = Button(root, text='按钮开始', command=self.Button_text_switch)

# 按钮状态

self.button_state = Label(root, text='按钮状态:')

self.disabled_state = Button(root, text='禁用状态')

self.disabled_state.config(state=DISABLED)

self.usual_status = Button(root, text='普通状态')

self.usual_status.config(state=NORMAL)

self.active = Button(root, text='活跃状态')

self.active.config(state=ACTIVE)

# 鼠标点击到按钮后改变颜色,activebackground='背景色',activeforeground='前景色'

self.mouse_click_color = Label(root, text='鼠标点击颜色:')

self.click_background_colour = Button(root, text='背景色', activebackground='blue')

self.click_foreground_colour = Button(root, text='前景色', activeforeground='blue')

# 按钮边框大小,bd='边框大小'

self.button_border_size = Label(root, text='按钮边框大小:')

self.border = Button(root, text='按钮边框', bd=5)

# 按钮颜色,bg='背景色', fg='前景色'

self.the_button_color = Label(root, text='按钮颜色:')

self.button_background_colour = Button(root, text='背景色', bg='blue')

self.button_foreground_colour = Button(root, text='前景色', fg='blue')

# 按钮字体格式, font=('字体', 字体大小, 'bold/italic/underline/overstrike')

self.button_font_format = Label(root, text='按钮字体格式:')

self.button_face1 = Button(root, text='软体雅黑/12/重打印', font=('软体雅黑', 10, 'overstrike'))

self.button_face2 = Button(root, text='宋体/12/斜体', font=('宋体', 10, 'italic'))

self.button_face3 = Button(root, text='黑体/12/加粗', font=('黑体', 10, 'bold'))

self.button_face4 = Button(root, text='楷体/12/下划线', font=('楷体', 10, 'underline'))

# 按钮高度,height='高度'

self.button_border_xy = Label(root, text='按钮边xy:')

self.button_height = Button(root, text='按钮高度', height=2)

self.button_width = Button(root, text='按钮宽度', width=16)

# 按钮图片设置,image=图片变量。图片必须以变量的形式赋值给image,图片必须是gif格式。

self.button_image_settings = Label(root, text='按钮图片设置:')

gif = PhotoImage(file="1.gif")

self.button_image = Button(root, image=gif)

# 按钮文字对齐方式,可选项包括LEFT, RIGHT, CENTER

self.text_alignment = Label(root, text='文字对齐方式:')

self.text_left = Button(root, text='左对齐\n文字左侧对齐', justify=LEFT)

self.text_center = Button(root, text='居中对齐\n文字居中对齐', justify=CENTER)

self.text_tight = Button(root, text='右对齐\n文字右侧对齐', justify=RIGHT)

# 按钮文字与边框之间的间距,padx='x轴方向间距大小',pady='y轴间距大小'

self.text_border_spacing = Label(root, text='文字边框间距:')

self.button_padx = Button(root, text='x轴间距', padx=0)

self.button_pady = Button(root, text='y轴间距', pady=10)

# 框样式,设置控件3D效果,可选的有:FLAT、SUNKEN、RAISED、GROOVE、RIDGE。

self.box_style = Label(root, text='按钮框样式:')

self.button_relief1 = Button(root, text='边框平坦', relief=FLAT)

self.button_relief2 = Button(root, text='边框凹陷', relief=SUNKEN)

self.button_relief3 = Button(root, text='边框凸起', relief=RAISED)

self.button_relief4 = Button(root, text='边框压线', relief=GROOVE)

self.button_relief5 = Button(root, text='边框脊线', relief=RIDGE)

# 按钮达到限制字符后换行显示

self.Line_shows_state = Label(root, text='文字换行显示:')

self.selfLine_shows = Button(root, text='1234567890', wraplength=30)

# 下划线。取值就是带下划线的字符串索引,为 0 时,第一个字符带下划线,为 1 时,第两个字符带下划线,以此类推

self.underline_state = Label(root, text='文字标下划线:')

self.underline = Button(root, text='12345', underline=2)

'''grid布局'''

self.btsd.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='E')

self.bts.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_state.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky='E')

self.disabled_state.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.usual_status.grid(row=2, column=3, sticky='NW')

self.active.grid(row=2, column=4, sticky='NW')

self.mouse_click_color.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky='E')

self.click_background_colour.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.click_foreground_colour.grid(row=3, column=3, sticky='NW')

self.button_border_size.grid(row=4, column=1, sticky='E')

self.border.grid(row=4, column=2, columnspan=3, sticky='NW')

self.the_button_color.grid(row=5, column=1, sticky='E')

self.button_background_colour.grid(row=5, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_foreground_colour.grid(row=5, column=3, sticky='NW')

self.button_font_format.grid(row=6, column=1, sticky='E')

self.button_face1.grid(row=6, column=2, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_face2.grid(row=6, column=4, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_face3.grid(row=6, column=6, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_face4.grid(row=6, column=8, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_border_xy.grid(row=7, column=1, sticky='E')

self.button_height.grid(row=7, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_width.grid(row=7, column=3, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_image_settings.grid(row=8, column=1, sticky='E')

self.button_image.grid(row=8, column=2, columnspan=3, sticky='NW')

self.text_alignment.grid(row=9, column=1, sticky='E')

self.text_left.grid(row=9, column=2, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.text_center.grid(row=9, column=4, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.text_tight.grid(row=9, column=6, columnspan=2, sticky='NW')

self.text_border_spacing.grid(row=10, column=1, sticky='E')

self.button_padx.grid(row=10, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_pady.grid(row=10, column=3, sticky='NW')

self.box_style.grid(row=11, column=1, sticky='E')

self.button_relief1.grid(row=11, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.button_relief2.grid(row=11, column=3, sticky='NW')

self.button_relief3.grid(row=11, column=4, sticky='NW')

self.button_relief4.grid(row=11, column=5, sticky='NW')

self.button_relief5.grid(row=11, column=6, sticky='NW')

self.Line_shows_state.grid(row=12, column=1, sticky='E')

self.selfLine_shows.grid(row=12, column=2, sticky='NW')

self.underline_state.grid(row=13, column=1, sticky='E')

self.underline.grid(row=13, column=2, sticky='NW')

root.mainloop()

# 按钮开关设置

def Button_text_switch(self):

if self.bts['text'] == '按钮开始': # 如果文字是开始,则改为关闭

self.bts['text'] = '按钮关闭'

print('按钮开始')

else: # 如果不是开始,则改为开始

self.bts['text'] = '按钮开始'

print('按钮关闭')

if __name__ == '__main__':

buttons()

效果展示:

5a0d606525f7ae534f6ca3b07f352813.png

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