如何让 USB 控制器/游戏手柄与 python 一起工作

我有一个 USB 控制器，我正在尝试从 Microsoft® SideWinder® 即插即用游戏手柄获取输入。我在尝试弄清楚如何正确接收其输入时遇到困难。不幸的是，我无法使用 pygame，因为它需要一个窗口来接收输入，但我必须生成一个 pyglet 窗口（通过 PsychoPy）来运行我的程序。使用 pygame 它可以连接并显示按钮的状态，但如果不创建窗口就无法接收输入。我尝试寻找其他库，但我遇到的只是输入，它与我的控制器不兼容（安装后未检测到设备）。控制器本身的工作原理与我使用在线游戏手柄测试仪测试的一样。 PsychoPy 的操纵杆 API 目前已损坏并且无法工作，因此也没有运气。

我真的希望有人能就如何将控制器/游戏手柄的输入接收到我的程序提供建议？

对于 Windows，您可以使用WINMM.dll直接地。

Use the ctypes加载 dll 的库（参见加载共享库). Use ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE创建函数原型：

• joyGetNumDevs

• joyGetDevCapsW

• joyGetPosEx

import ctypes

winmmdll = ctypes.WinDLL('winmm.dll')

# [joyGetNumDevs](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/joystickapi/nf-joystickapi-joygetnumdevs)
"""
UINT joyGetNumDevs();
"""
joyGetNumDevs_proto = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_uint)
joyGetNumDevs_func  = joyGetNumDevs_proto(("joyGetNumDevs", winmmdll))

# [joyGetDevCaps](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/joystickapi/nf-joystickapi-joygetdevcaps)
"""
MMRESULT joyGetDevCaps(UINT uJoyID, LPJOYCAPS pjc, UINT cbjc);

32 bit: joyGetDevCapsA
64 bit: joyGetDevCapsW

sizeof(JOYCAPS): 728
"""
joyGetDevCaps_proto = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_uint)
joyGetDevCaps_param = (1, "uJoyID", 0), (1, "pjc", None), (1, "cbjc", 0)
joyGetDevCaps_func  = joyGetDevCaps_proto(("joyGetDevCapsW", winmmdll), joyGetDevCaps_param)

# [joyGetPosEx](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/joystickapi/nf-joystickapi-joygetposex)
"""
MMRESULT joyGetPosEx(UINT uJoyID, LPJOYINFOEX pji);
sizeof(JOYINFOEX): 52
"""
joyGetPosEx_proto = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_uint, ctypes.c_void_p)
joyGetPosEx_param = (1, "uJoyID", 0), (1, "pji", None)
joyGetPosEx_func  = joyGetPosEx_proto(("joyGetPosEx", winmmdll), joyGetPosEx_param)

创建 python 函数joyGetNumDevs, joyGetDevCaps and joyGetPosEx它委托给 DLL。并为类型创建类JOYCAPS分别JOYINFOEX:

# joystickapi - joyGetNumDevs
def joyGetNumDevs():
    try:
        num = joyGetNumDevs_func()
    except:
        num = 0
    return num

# joystickapi - joyGetDevCaps
def joyGetDevCaps(uJoyID):
    try:
        buffer = (ctypes.c_ubyte * JOYCAPS.SIZE_W)()
        p1 = ctypes.c_uint(uJoyID)
        p2 = ctypes.cast(buffer, ctypes.c_void_p)
        p3 = ctypes.c_uint(JOYCAPS.SIZE_W)
        ret_val = joyGetDevCaps_func(p1, p2, p3)
        ret = (False, None) if ret_val != JOYERR_NOERROR else (True, JOYCAPS(buffer))   
    except:
        ret = False, None
    return ret 

# joystickapi - joyGetPosEx
def joyGetPosEx(uJoyID):
    try:
        buffer = (ctypes.c_uint32 * (JOYINFOEX.SIZE // 4))()
        buffer[0] = JOYINFOEX.SIZE
        buffer[1] = JOY_RETURNALL
        p1 = ctypes.c_uint(uJoyID)
        p2 = ctypes.cast(buffer, ctypes.c_void_p)
        ret_val = joyGetPosEx_func(p1, p2)
        ret = (False, None) if ret_val != JOYERR_NOERROR else (True, JOYINFOEX(buffer))   
    except:
        ret = False, None
    return ret 

JOYERR_NOERROR = 0
JOY_RETURNX = 0x00000001
JOY_RETURNY = 0x00000002
JOY_RETURNZ = 0x00000004
JOY_RETURNR = 0x00000008
JOY_RETURNU = 0x00000010
JOY_RETURNV = 0x00000020
JOY_RETURNPOV = 0x00000040
JOY_RETURNBUTTONS = 0x00000080
JOY_RETURNRAWDATA = 0x00000100
JOY_RETURNPOVCTS = 0x00000200
JOY_RETURNCENTERED = 0x00000400
JOY_USEDEADZONE = 0x00000800
JOY_RETURNALL = (JOY_RETURNX | JOY_RETURNY | JOY_RETURNZ | \
                 JOY_RETURNR | JOY_RETURNU | JOY_RETURNV | \
                 JOY_RETURNPOV | JOY_RETURNBUTTONS)

# joystickapi - JOYCAPS
class JOYCAPS:
    SIZE_W = 728
    OFFSET_V = 4 + 32*2
    def __init__(self, buffer):
        ushort_array = (ctypes.c_uint16 * 2).from_buffer(buffer)
        self.wMid, self.wPid = ushort_array  

        wchar_array = (ctypes.c_wchar * 32).from_buffer(buffer, 4)
        self.szPname = ctypes.cast(wchar_array, ctypes.c_wchar_p).value
        
        uint_array = (ctypes.c_uint32 * 19).from_buffer(buffer, JOYCAPS.OFFSET_V) 
        self.wXmin, self.wXmax, self.wYmin, self.wYmax, self.wZmin, self.wZmax, \
        self.wNumButtons, self.wPeriodMin, self.wPeriodMax, \
        self.wRmin, self.wRmax, self.wUmin, self.wUmax, self.wVmin, self.wVmax, \
        self.wCaps, self.wMaxAxes, self.wNumAxes, self.wMaxButtons = uint_array

# joystickapi - JOYINFOEX
class JOYINFOEX:
  SIZE = 52
  def __init__(self, buffer):
      uint_array = (ctypes.c_uint32 * (JOYINFOEX.SIZE // 4)).from_buffer(buffer) 
      self.dwSize, self.dwFlags, \
      self.dwXpos, self.dwYpos, self.dwZpos, self.dwRpos, self.dwUpos, self.dwVpos, \
      self.dwButtons, self.dwButtonNumber, self.dwPOV, self.dwReserved1, self.dwReserved2 = uint_array

请参阅测试 API 的简单示例：

import joystickapi
import msvcrt
import time

print("start")

num = joystickapi.joyGetNumDevs()
ret, caps, startinfo = False, None, None
for id in range(num):
    ret, caps = joystickapi.joyGetDevCaps(id)
    if ret:
        print("gamepad detected: " + caps.szPname)
        ret, startinfo = joystickapi.joyGetPosEx(id)
        break
else:
    print("no gamepad detected")

run = ret
while run:
    time.sleep(0.1)
    if msvcrt.kbhit() and msvcrt.getch() == chr(27).encode(): # detect ESC
        run = False

    ret, info = joystickapi.joyGetPosEx(id)
    if ret:
        btns = [(1 << i) & info.dwButtons != 0 for i in range(caps.wNumButtons)]
        axisXYZ = [info.dwXpos-startinfo.dwXpos, info.dwYpos-startinfo.dwYpos, info.dwZpos-startinfo.dwZpos]
        axisRUV = [info.dwRpos-startinfo.dwRpos, info.dwUpos-startinfo.dwUpos, info.dwVpos-startinfo.dwVpos]
        if info.dwButtons:
            print("buttons: ", btns)
        if any([abs(v) > 10 for v in axisXYZ]):
            print("axis:", axisXYZ)
        if any([abs(v) > 10 for v in axisRUV]):
            print("roation axis:", axisRUV)

print("end")

GitHub 存储库中提供了 api 绑定和示例python_windows_joystickapi