众所周知，B站学习软件。哈哈哈哈，今天我们就爬取B站的排行榜。废话不多说了，直接开始了。
#分析：
我们看图一可以发现每个是视频的info都在li的标签里，我可以用xpath得到，在这里我想获得视频的封面，播放量，综合得分以及视频链接；除了封面，其它的都可以得到，后来我在另一个另一个链接中发现了，我在后面会讲到。
图一：
我们点开视频链接，进入视频播放页，F12一下，点击network，让视频播放，会发现有许多xhr文件不断刷新（如图二文件），它以m4s结尾
图二：
我们可推断视频是每段小段m4s的文件结合起来。我复制其中一个链接，打开后，如图三
图三：
这时我们该想另一件事，即使我们能获得这个文件，我们该怎么获取这样一个个链接，我找了好大一会，找不到，那我们就应该换一种思路，是不是有一个完整的视频链接，它会保存到什么地方，最后被我找到了，它其实隐藏在一开始的elements中，这是我们在里面搜索一下window,会发现图四：
图四：
这时我们可以打开页面源码，把进行查看,我第一眼感觉他是json文件，这里我们可以用正则获取，我们分析一下：
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高码率","display_desc":"1080P","superscript":"高码率"},{"quality":80,"format":"flv","new_description":"1080P 高清","display_desc":"1080P","superscript":""},{"quality":64,"format":"flv720","new_description":"720P 高清","display_desc":"720P","superscript":""},{"quality":32,"format":"flv480","new_description":"480P 清晰","display_desc":"480P","superscript":""},{"quality":16,"format":"mp4","new_description":"360P 流畅","display_desc":"360P","superscript":""}]},"session":"b80375f9a61937c9ce93ee13909c1bca"}
for key,value in dic['data'].items():
print(key,':',value)
print('===================================')
for key,value in dic['data']['dash'].items():
print(key,':',value)
print('===================================')
for key,value in dic['data']['support_formats'][0].items():
print(key,':',value)
dic是我们得到json数据，经过我一成一成剥开，发现他的视频与音频是两个文件，那就是分开的，我们可以下载后合成。我们看下我分析的结果：
图五:
accept_description指的是视频画质，accept_quality指的是视频画质对应的id,这里我没有会员，所以最高获取高清 1080的画质视频，视频文件在video的baseUrl中，音频文件在audio的baseUrl。
同时我带着试试的想法吧图一红线的那一串字符复制，在视频链接的elements中搜寻，居然找到（如图七），我打开了链接就是原先封面，并且我在其它视频链接中试试，得到的都是视频封面，我们用正则就可以得到。
图七：
我们的的分析完成了，接下来上代码。
1：引入库
import re
from random import randint
import requests
from lxml import etree
from time import sleep
import json
import os
2：建立session，共享cookie
# 建立session
print('建立session')
session = requests.Session()
base_url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/'
base_headers = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'cookie': 自己的cookie，
'referer': 'https://www.google.com/',
}
session.get(url=base_url, headers=base_headers)
sleep(randint(3,5))
3:爬取视频排行榜：(在这里我感觉headers加上referer是非常重要的，referer也就是你上一级网页链接)
# 爬取排行榜视频：
print('爬取排行榜视频')
dic={}
leaderboard_url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/v/popular/rank/all?spm_id_from=333.851.b_7072696d61727950616765546162.3'
leaderboard_headers = {
'referer': leaderboard_url,
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
}
response = session.get(url=leaderboard_url, headers=leaderboard_headers)
sleep(randint(3,5))
content = response.content
html = etree.HTML(content)
info_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="rank-list"]/li')
for li in info_list:
name = li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/a/text()')[0] #视频名字
href = 'https:'+li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/a/@href')[0] #视频链接
score = li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/text()')[0]+'综合得分' #综合得分
play_volume=li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/span[1]/text()')[0].strip() #播放量
list=[href,score,play_volume]
dic[name]=list
# print(name,href,score,play_volume)
# print(dic)
在这里我把视频的name作为字典的key，而视频链接，综合得分，播放量放在列表里，list作为字典的value。
4：在这里我爬取时有时候session没法用，我就勇try一下，如果session可以，就不要except,不可以，我就勇request.get求求，不要忘了加入cookie。
我在进行爬取时，把视频链接与音频链接放入一个列表，再把这个列表放入前面的列表中
#得到音频链接
print('视频爬取')
video_headers={
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'referer':leaderboard_url,
}
num=0
for i in dic.keys():
video_url=dic[i][0]
#获取封面链接
try:
response=session.get(url=video_url,headers=video_headers)
except:
video_headers['cookie'] = 自己的cookie,
response=requests.get(url=video_url,headers=video_headers)
text = response.text
img_url=re.search(r'<meta data-vue-meta="true" itemprop="image" content="(.*?)">',text).group(1)
dic[i].append(img_url) #照片链接添加到列表里
data = re.search(r'__playinfo__=(.*?)</script><script>', text).group(1)
data = json.loads(data)
# print(data)
try:
time = data['data']['dash']['duration']
minute = int(time) // 60
second = int(time) % 60
#视频链接
video_url = data['data']['dash']['video'][0]['baseUrl']
#音频链接
audio_url = data['data']['dash']['audio'][0]['baseUrl']
list=[video_url,audio_url]
dic[i].append(list)
print(video_url)
print(audio_url)
print('视频时长{}分{}秒'.format(minute, second))
except KeyError:
time = data['data']['timelength'] // 1000
minute = int(time) // 60 # 有些视频的格式是不一样的，不用合并音频，视频啥的了，不过很少。
second = int(time) % 60
video_url = data['data']['durl'][0]['url']
list = [video_url]
dic[i].append(list)
print('视频时长{}分{}秒'.format(minute, second))
5：视频音频下载
'origin': 'https://www.bilibili.com',
'referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/',
都有这两个，然后我添加进去成功了
#下载视频与音频
print('下载')
headers={
'cookie':自己的cookie,
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'origin': 'https://www.bilibili.com',
'referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/',
}
path=r'C:\Users\jyj34\Desktop\bilibili\{}'.format(num)
bool=mkdir(path)
if bool==1:
video_path=path+'\_video.mp4'
audio_path=path+'\_audio.mp4'
save_path=path+'\{}.mp4'.format(num)
info_path=path+'\{}.text'.format(num)
img_path=path+'\{}.png'.format(num)
num += 1
print('{}视频开始爬取'.format(i))
with open(video_path, 'wb') as f: # 视频部分
response = requests.get(dic[i][-1][0], headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)
f.write(response.content)
print('{}视频爬取完成'.format(i))
print('{}音频开始爬取'.format(i))
with open(audio_path, 'wb') as f: # 音频部分
response = requests.get(dic[i][-1][-1], headers=headers)
f.write(response.content)
print('{}音频爬取完成'.format(i))
6：封面下载与info保存：
#封面下载
with open(img_path, 'wb') as f:
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36'}
url = 'http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/archive/273ed274d5cf2556e162f8d1f7eef3b63bd2f31b.jpg'
response = requests.get(url=dic[i][3], headers=headers)
f.write(response.content)
#info保存
with open(info_path,'w') as f:
info=i+'\n'+dic[i][1]+'\n'+dic[i][2]
f.write(info)
7：视频合成
先要视频合成必须以管理员身份运行编辑器，我用的是pycharm，还有就是编辑器编码要变成’gbk’，不能’utf-8’
cmd=r'ffmpeg -i {} -i {} -acodec copy -vcodec copy {}'.format(video_path,audio_path,save_path)
p = os.popen(cmd)
全部代码：
import re
from random import randint
import requests
from lxml import etree
from time import sleep
import json
import os
def get_link_and_img():
# 建立session
print('建立session')
session = requests.Session()
base_url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/'
base_headers = {
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'cookie': 自己的cookie,
'referer': 'https://www.google.com/',
}
session.get(url=base_url, headers=base_headers)
sleep(randint(3, 5))
# 爬取排行榜视频：
print('爬取排行榜视频')
dic = {}
leaderboard_url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/v/popular/rank/all?spm_id_from=333.851.b_7072696d61727950616765546162.3'
leaderboard_headers = {
'referer': leaderboard_url,
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
}
response = session.get(url=leaderboard_url, headers=leaderboard_headers)
sleep(randint(3, 5))
content = response.content
html = etree.HTML(content)
info_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="rank-list"]/li')
for li in info_list:
name = li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/a/text()')[0] # 视频名字
href = 'https:' + li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/a/@href')[0] # 视频链接
score = li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/div[2]/div/text()')[0] + '综合得分' # 综合得分
play_volume = li.xpath('div[2]/div[2]/div[1]/span[1]/text()')[0].strip() # 播放量
list = [href, score, play_volume]
dic[name] = list
# print(name,href,score,play_volume)
# print(dic)
# 视频爬取
print('视频爬取')
video_headers = {
'accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9',
'accept-encoding': 'gzip, deflate, br',
'accept-language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7',
'cache-control': 'max-age=0',
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'referer': leaderboard_url,
}
num = 0
for i in dic.keys():
video_url = dic[i][0]
# 获取封面链接
try:
response = session.get(url=video_url, headers=video_headers)
except:
video_headers['cookie'] = 自己的cookie
response = requests.get(url=video_url, headers=video_headers)
text = response.text
img_url = re.search(r'<meta data-vue-meta="true" itemprop="image" content="(.*?)">', text).group(1)
dic[i].append(img_url) # 照片链接添加到列表里
data = re.search(r'__playinfo__=(.*?)</script><script>', text).group(1)
data = json.loads(data)
# print(data)
try:
time = data['data']['dash']['duration']
minute = int(time) // 60
second = int(time) % 60
video_url = data['data']['dash']['video'][0]['baseUrl']
audio_url = data['data']['dash']['audio'][0]['baseUrl']
list = [video_url, audio_url]
dic[i].append(list)
# print(video_url)
# print(audio_url)
# print('视频时长{}分{}秒'.format(minute, second))
except KeyError:
time = data['data']['timelength'] // 1000
minute = int(time) // 60 # 有些视频的格式是不一样的，不用合并音频，视频啥的了，不过很少。
second = int(time) % 60
video_url = data['data']['durl'][0]['url']
list = [video_url]
dic[i].append(list)
# print('视频时长{}分{}秒'.format(minute, second))
# 下载视频与音频
print('下载视频音频')
headers = {
'cookie': 自己的cookie,
'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
'origin': 'https://www.bilibili.com',
'referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/',
}
path = r'C:\Users\jyj34\Desktop\bilibili\{}'.format(num)
bool = mkdir(path)
# print(bool)
# print(path)
if bool==1:
video_path = path + '\_video.mp4'
audio_path = path + '\_audio.mp4'
save_path = path + '\{}.mp4'.format(num)
info_path = path + '\{}.text'.format(num)
img_path = path + '\{}.png'.format(num)
print('{}视频开始爬取'.format(i))
with open(video_path, 'wb') as f: # 视频部分
response = requests.get(dic[i][-1][0], headers=headers)
print(response.status_code)
f.write(response.content)
print('{}视频爬取完成'.format(i))
print('{}音频开始爬取'.format(i))
with open(audio_path, 'wb') as f: # 音频部分
response = requests.get(dic[i][-1][-1], headers=headers)
f.write(response.content)
print('{}音频爬取完成'.format(i))
# 封面下载
with open(img_path, 'wb') as f:
headers = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/86.0.4240.198 Safari/537.36',
}
response = requests.get(url=dic[i][3], headers=headers)
f.write(response.content)
# info保存
with open(info_path, 'w') as f:
info = i + '\n' + dic[i][1] + '\n' + dic[i][2]
f.write(info)
# 音频视频合成
composite(video_path, audio_path, save_path)
sleep(randint(5, 8))
else:
print('{}已经被爬取'.format(i))
num = num + 1
def mkdir(path):
folder = os.path.exists(path)
if not folder: # 判断是否存在文件夹如果不存在则创建为文件夹
os.makedirs(path)
return 1
else:
return 0
def composite(video_path, audio_path, save_path):
cmd = r'ffmpeg -i {} -i {} -acodec copy -vcodec copy {}'.format(video_path, audio_path, save_path)
p = os.popen(cmd)
# print(p.read())
get_link_and_img()
这里面的下载视频与音频还有封面，以及合成视频音频可以再def一个函数，看起来比较好看，容易读。
这里我把字典的对应表示出来key:[href,sorce,play_volume,[video_url,audio_url]]。
另外可以见到我里面有sleep，为什么呢？因为我们是讲武德的。
好了，这一期爬虫就到处为止，如果你有不懂得。
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