为什么从 avi 容器解码帧并将其编码为 h264/mp​​4 不起作用？

我开始使用 ffmpeg，我想将 avi 文件转换为 mp4/h264 文件。我读过很多帖子，包括this，但我找不到任何好的示例如何将帧保存到 mp4 文件。下面的代码是简化的代码，它从 avi 文件中解码帧并将其编码为 H264/mp​​4 文件，但是当我保存帧时，mp4 文件无法播放。我认为我在编码方面做错了一些事情

如果您能告诉我出了什么问题以及如何解决它，我将不胜感激。

const char* aviFileName = "aviFrom.avi";
const char* mp4FileName = "mp4To.mp4";

// Filling pFormatCtx by open video file and Retrieve stream information
// ...
// Retrieving codecCtxDecode and opening codecDecode 
//...


// Get encoder
codecCtxEncode = avcodec_alloc_context();   
codecCtxEncode->qmax = 69; 
codecCtxEncode->max_qdiff = 4;
codecCtxEncode->bit_rate = 400000;
codecCtxEncode->width = codecCtxDecode->width;
codecCtxEncode->height = codecCtxDecode->height;
codecCtxEncode->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;   
codecEncode = avcodec_find_encoder(CODEC_ID_H264);
if(codecEncode == NULL)
    return -1;  
if(avcodec_open2(codecCtxEncode, codecEncode, NULL))
    return -1;

SwsContext *sws_ctx = sws_getContext(codecCtxDecode->width, codecCtxDecode->height, codecCtxDecode->pix_fmt,
                            codecCtxDecode->width, codecCtxDecode->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
                            SWS_BILINEAR, NULL, NULL, NULL);

// Allocate an AVFrame structure    
frameDecoded = avcodec_alloc_frame();
frameEncoded = avcodec_alloc_frame();    

avpicture_alloc((AVPicture *)frameEncoded, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, codecCtxDecode->width, codecCtxDecode->height);

while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &packet)>=0)
{       
    // Is this a packet from the video stream?
    if(packet.stream_index==videoStreamIndex) {
        avcodec_decode_video2(codecCtxDecode, frameDecoded, &frameFinished, &packet);
        // Did we get a video frame?
        if(frameFinished)
        {           
            fwrite(packet.data, packet.size,
            sws_scale(sws_ctx, frameDecoded->data, frameDecoded->linesize, 0, codecCtxDecode->height, 
                        frameEncoded->data, frameEncoded->linesize);



            int64_t pts = packet.pts;
            av_free_packet(&packet);
            av_init_packet(&packet);
            packet.data = NULL;
            packet.size = 0;    
            frameEncoded->pts = pts;                

            int failed = avcodec_encode_video2(codecCtxEncode, &packet, frameEncoded, &got_output);
            if(failed)
            {
                exit(1);
            }
            fwrite(packet.data,1,packet.size, mp4File);
        }
    }

    av_free_packet(&packet);
}

您必须使用 ffmpeg 输出上下文，而不是直接写入原始数据包。

您需要执行的基本步骤：

// find output format
AVOutputFormat * outputFormat = av_guess_format("mp4", NULL, NULL);
AVFormatContext *outFmtCtx = NULL;

// create output cotext
avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outFmtCtx, outputFormat, NULL, NULL);

// create new stream
AVStream * outStrm = avformat_new_stream(outFmtCtx, codecEncode);
avcodec_get_context_defaults3(outStrm->codec, *codec);

outStrm->codec->codec_id = codec_id;
outStrm->codec->coder_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
/// outStrm->codec-> ... 
/// set all fields marked as "MUST be set by user" in avcodec.h
/// ....

// create file
avio_open2(&outFmtCtx->pb, file_name, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, NULL, NULL);
avformat_write_header(outFmtCtx, NULL);

/// write packets
/// for ( )
av_interleaved_write_frame(outFmtCtx, packet);

/// finish
av_write_trailer(outFmtCtx);
avio_close(outFmtCtx->pb);
avformat_free_context(outFmtCtx);

UPD:复制视频而不重新编码的完整代码：

extern "C" {
#include <libavformat/avformat.h>
#include <libavcodec/avcodec.h>
#include <libavutil/avutil.h>
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    const char * kInputFileName = "f:/Projects/Temp/testFFMPEG2/test/test_in.avi";
    const char * kOutputFileName = "f:/Projects/Temp/testFFMPEG2/test/text_out.avi";
    const char * kOutputFileType = "avi";

    av_register_all();

    AVFormatContext * inCtx = NULL;
    int err = avformat_open_input(&inCtx, kInputFileName, NULL, NULL);
    if (err < 0)
        exit(1);

    err = av_find_stream_info(inCtx);
    if (err < 0)
        exit(1);


    int vs = -1;
    for (unsigned int s = 0; s < inCtx->nb_streams; ++s)
    {
        if (inCtx->streams[s] &&
            inCtx->streams[s]->codec &&
            inCtx->streams[s]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO)
        {
            vs = s;
            break;
        }        
    }

    if (vs == -1)
        exit(1);

    AVOutputFormat * outFmt = av_guess_format(kOutputFileType, NULL, NULL);
    if (!outFmt)
        exit(1);

    AVFormatContext *outCtx = NULL;
    err = avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outCtx, outFmt, NULL, NULL);

    if (err < 0 || !outCtx)
        exit(1);

    AVStream * outStrm = av_new_stream(outCtx, 0);
    AVStream const * const inStrm = inCtx->streams[vs];
    AVCodec * codec = NULL;
    avcodec_get_context_defaults3(outStrm->codec, codec);
    outStrm->codec->thread_count = 1;

#if (LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_MAJOR == 53)
    outStrm->stream_copy = 1;
#endif

    outStrm->codec->coder_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    if(outCtx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) 
        outStrm->codec->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;

    outStrm->codec->sample_aspect_ratio = outStrm->sample_aspect_ratio = inStrm->sample_aspect_ratio; 

#if (LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_MAJOR == 53)
    outCtx->timestamp = 0;
#endif

    err = avio_open(&outCtx->pb, kOutputFileName, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
    if (err < 0)
        exit(1);

#if (LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_MAJOR == 53)
    AVFormatParameters params = {0};
    err = av_set_parameters(outCtx, &params);
    if (err < 0)
        exit(1);
#endif

    outStrm->disposition = inStrm->disposition;
    outStrm->codec->bits_per_raw_sample = inStrm->codec->bits_per_raw_sample;
    outStrm->codec->chroma_sample_location = inStrm->codec->chroma_sample_location;
    outStrm->codec->codec_id = inStrm->codec->codec_id;
    outStrm->codec->codec_type = inStrm->codec->codec_type;

    if (!outStrm->codec->codec_tag)
    {
        if (! outCtx->oformat->codec_tag
            || av_codec_get_id (outCtx->oformat->codec_tag, inStrm->codec->codec_tag) == outStrm->codec->codec_id
            || av_codec_get_tag(outCtx->oformat->codec_tag, inStrm->codec->codec_id) <= 0)
                    outStrm->codec->codec_tag = inStrm->codec->codec_tag;
    }

    outStrm->codec->bit_rate = inStrm->codec->bit_rate;
    outStrm->codec->rc_max_rate = inStrm->codec->rc_max_rate;
    outStrm->codec->rc_buffer_size = inStrm->codec->rc_buffer_size;

    const size_t extra_size_alloc = (inStrm->codec->extradata_size > 0) ?
                                    (inStrm->codec->extradata_size + FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE) :
                                     0;

    if (extra_size_alloc)
    {
        outStrm->codec->extradata = (uint8_t*)av_mallocz(extra_size_alloc);    
        memcpy( outStrm->codec->extradata, inStrm->codec->extradata, inStrm->codec->extradata_size);
    }
    outStrm->codec->extradata_size = inStrm->codec->extradata_size;

    AVRational input_time_base = inStrm->time_base;
    AVRational frameRate = {25, 1};
    if (inStrm->r_frame_rate.num && inStrm->r_frame_rate.den 
        && (1.0 * inStrm->r_frame_rate.num / inStrm->r_frame_rate.den < 1000.0))
    {
        frameRate.num = inStrm->r_frame_rate.num;
        frameRate.den = inStrm->r_frame_rate.den;
    }

    outStrm->r_frame_rate = frameRate;
    outStrm->codec->time_base = inStrm->codec->time_base;

    outStrm->codec->pix_fmt = inStrm->codec->pix_fmt;
    outStrm->codec->width =  inStrm->codec->width;
    outStrm->codec->height =  inStrm->codec->height;
    outStrm->codec->has_b_frames =  inStrm->codec->has_b_frames;
    if (! outStrm->codec->sample_aspect_ratio.num) {
        AVRational r0 = {0, 1};
        outStrm->codec->sample_aspect_ratio =
            outStrm->sample_aspect_ratio =
            inStrm->sample_aspect_ratio.num ? inStrm->sample_aspect_ratio :
            inStrm->codec->sample_aspect_ratio.num ?
            inStrm->codec->sample_aspect_ratio : r0;
    }
#if LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION_MAJOR == 53
    av_write_header(outFmtCtx);
#else
    avformat_write_header(outCtx, NULL);
#endif


    for (;;)
    {
        AVPacket packet = {0};
        av_init_packet(&packet);

        err = AVERROR(EAGAIN);
        while (AVERROR(EAGAIN) == err) 
            err = av_read_frame(inCtx, &packet);

        if (err < 0)
        {
            if (AVERROR_EOF != err && AVERROR(EIO) != err)
            {
                // error
                exit(1);            
            }
            else
            {
                // end of file
                break;
            }            
        }


        if (packet.stream_index == vs)
        {

            err = av_interleaved_write_frame(outCtx, &packet);
            if (err < 0)
                exit(1);
        }            

        av_free_packet(&packet);        

    }

    av_write_trailer(outCtx);
    if (!(outCtx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE) && outCtx->pb)
        avio_close(outCtx->pb);

    avformat_free_context(outCtx);
    av_close_input_file(inCtx);
    return 0;
}