将 HTML 实体转换为正确的字符 R

有谁知道 r 中可以转换的通用函数ä为其 unicode 字符â？我见过一些函数â，并将其转换为普通字符。任何帮助，将不胜感激。谢谢。

编辑：下面是一条数据记录，我可能有超过100万条记录。除了将数据读入大量向量并针对每个元素更改记录之外，还有更简单的解决方案吗？

wine/name: 1999 Domaine Robert Chevillon Nuits St. Georges 1er Cru Les Vaucrains
wine/wineId: 43163
wine/variant: Pinot Noir
wine/year: 1999
review/points: N/A
review/time: 1337385600
review/userId: 1
review/userName: Eric
review/text: Well this is awfully gorgeous, especially with a nicely grilled piece of Copper River sockeye. Pine needle and piercing perfume move to a remarkably energetic and youthful palate of pure, twangy, red fruit. Beneath that is a fair amount of umami and savory aspect with a surprising amount of tannin. Lots of goodness here. Still quite young but already rewarding at this stage.

wine/name: 2001 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg Riesling Spätlese
wine/wineId: 3058
wine/variant: Riesling
wine/year: 2001
review/points: N/A
review/time: 1095120000
review/userId: 1
review/userName: Eric
review/text: Hideously corked!

更新： 使用函数 stri_trans_general 函数将转换任何Â为正确的小写字符，并且需要分配 vapply 结果以保存更改。

#cellartracker-10records is the test file to use  
 tester <- "/Users/petergensler/Desktop/Wine Analysis/cellartracker-10records.txt"
 decode <- function(x) {   xmlValue(getNodeSet(htmlParse(tester), "//p")[[1]]) }

#Using vector, as we want to iterate over the raw file for cleaning
poop <- vapply(tester, decode, character(1), USE.NAMES = FALSE)

#Now use stringi to convert all characters to correct characters poop           
poop <- stringi::stri_trans_general(poop, "Latin-ASCII")
writeLines(poop, "wines.txt")

这是一种通过XML包裹：

txt <- "wine/name: 2003 Karth&#228;userhof Eitelsbacher Karth&#228;userhofberg Riesling Kabinett"

library("XML")
xmlValue(getNodeSet(htmlParse(txt, asText = TRUE), "//p")[[1]])

> xmlValue(getNodeSet(htmlParse(txt, asText = TRUE), "//p")[[1]])
[1] "wine/name: 2003 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg Riesling Kabinett"

The [[1]]有点是因为getNodeSet()返回已解析元素的列表，即使只有一个元素，就像这里的情况一样。

这是从一个获取/修改的回复 Henrique Dallazuanna 的 R-帮助列表在2010年。

如果你想对长度>1的字符向量运行这个，那么lapply() this:

txt <- rep(txt, 2)
decode <- function(x) {
  xmlValue(getNodeSet(htmlParse(x, asText = TRUE), "//p")[[1]])
}
lapply(txt, decode)

或者如果你想要它作为向量，vapply():

> vapply(txt, decode, character(1), USE.NAMES = FALSE)
[1] "wine/name: 2003 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg Riesling Kabinett"
[2] "wine/name: 2003 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg Riesling Kabinett"

对于多行示例，请使用原始版本，但如果您希望再次将其作为多行文档，则必须将字符向量写回到文件中：

txt <- "wine/name: 2001 Karth&#228;userhof Eitelsbacher Karth&#228;userhofberg 
Riesling Sp&#228;tlese
wine/wineId: 3058
wine/variant: Riesling
wine/year: 2001
review/points: N/A
review/time: 1095120000
review/userId: 1
review/userName: Eric
review/text: Hideously corked!"

out <- xmlValue(getNodeSet(htmlParse(txt, asText = TRUE), "//p")[[1]])

这给了我

> out
[1] "wine/name: 2001 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg \nRiesling Spätlese\nwine/wineId: 3058\nwine/variant: Riesling\nwine/year: 2001\nreview/points: N/A\nreview/time: 1095120000\nreview/userId: 1\nreview/userName: Eric\nreview/text: Hideously corked!"

如果你写出使用writeLines()

writeLines(out, "wines.txt")

您将获得一个文本文件，可以使用其他解析代码再次读入该文件：

> readLines("wines.txt")
 [1] "wine/name: 2001 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg "
 [2] "Riesling Spätlese"                                            
 [3] "wine/wineId: 3058"                                            
 [4] "wine/variant: Riesling"                                       
 [5] "wine/year: 2001"                                              
 [6] "review/points: N/A"                                           
 [7] "review/time: 1095120000"                                      
 [8] "review/userId: 1"                                             
 [9] "review/userName: Eric"                                        
[10] "review/text: Hideously corked!"

这是一个文件（来自我的 BASH 终端）

$ cat wines.txt 
wine/name: 2001 Karthäuserhof Eitelsbacher Karthäuserhofberg 
Riesling Spätlese
wine/wineId: 3058
wine/variant: Riesling
wine/year: 2001
review/points: N/A
review/time: 1095120000
review/userId: 1
review/userName: Eric
review/text: Hideously corked!