R：当情况并非如此时，LIME 在不同的特征编号上返回错误

我正在构建克林顿和特朗普推文的文本分类器（数据可以在Kaggle ).

我正在使用 EDA 和建模quanteda包裹：

library(dplyr)
library(stringr)
library(quanteda)
library(lime)

#data prep
tweet_csv <- read_csv("tweets.csv")
tweet_data <- tweet_csv %>% 
  select(author = handle,
     text,
     retweet_count,
     favorite_count,
     source_url,
     timestamp = time) %>% 
mutate(date = as_date(str_sub(timestamp, 1, 10)),
     hour = hour(hms(str_sub(timestamp, 12, 19))),
     tweet_num = row_number()) %>% 
select(-timestamp)

# creating corpus and dfm
tweet_corpus <- corpus(tweet_data)

edited_dfm <- dfm(tweet_corpus, remove_url = TRUE, remove_punct = TRUE,     remove = stopwords("english"))

set.seed(32984)
trainIndex <- sample.int(n = nrow(tweet_csv), size =     floor(.8*nrow(tweet_csv)), replace = F)

train_dfm <- edited_dfm[as.vector(trainIndex), ]
train_raw <- tweet_data[as.vector(trainIndex), ]
train_label <- train_raw$author == "realDonaldTrump"

test_dfm <- edited_dfm[-as.vector(trainIndex), ]
test_raw <- tweet_data[-as.vector(trainIndex), ]
test_label <- test_raw$author == "realDonaldTrump"

# making sure train and test sets have the same features
test_dfm <- dfm_select(test_dfm, train_dfm)

# using quanteda's NB model
nb_model <- quanteda::textmodel_nb(train_dfm, train_labels)
nb_preds <- predict(nb_model, test_dfm) 


# defining textmodel_nb as classification model
class(nb_model)

model_type.textmodel_nb_fitted <- function(x, ...) {
  return("classification")
}

# a wrapper-up function for data preprocessing

get_matrix <- function(df){
  corpus <- corpus(df)
  dfm <- dfm(corpus, remove_url = TRUE, remove_punct = TRUE, remove = stopwords("english"))
}

然后我定义解释器 - 这里没有问题：

explainer <- lime(train_raw[1:5],
              model = nb_model,
              preprocess = get_matrix)

但是当我运行解释器时，即使在与中完全相同的数据集上explainer，我收到错误：

explanation <- lime::explain(train_raw[1:5], 
                              explainer, 
                              n_labels = 1,
                              n_features = 6,
                              cols = 2,
                              verbose = 0)

Predict.textmodel_nb_fitted(x, newdata = newdata, type = type, 中的错误： 新数据中的特征集与训练集中的特征集不同

有什么关系吗quanteda和dfms？老实说，我不明白为什么会发生这种情况。任何帮助都会很棒，谢谢！

我们可以将错误追溯到predict_model，这称为predict.textmodel_nb_fitted（我只使用了前 10 行train_raw以加快计算速度）：

traceback()
# 7: stop("feature set in newdata different from that in training set")
# 6: predict.textmodel_nb_fitted(x, newdata = newdata, type = type, 
#        ...)
# 5: predict(x, newdata = newdata, type = type, ...)
# 4: predict_model.default(explainer$model, case_perm, type = o_type)
# 3: predict_model(explainer$model, case_perm, type = o_type)
# 2: explain.data.frame(train_raw[1:10, 1:5], explainer, n_labels = 1, 
#        n_features = 5, cols = 2, verbose = 0)
# 1: lime::explain(train_raw[1:10, 1:5], explainer, n_labels = 1, 
#        n_features = 5, cols = 2, verbose = 0)

问题是predict.textmodel_nb_fitted需要 dfm，而不是数据框。例如，predict(nb_model, test_raw[1:5])给你相同的“新数据中的特征集与训练集中的特征集不同”错误。然而，explain将数据框作为其x争论。

解决办法是写一个自定义的textmodel_nb_fitted方法用于predict_model在调用之前进行必要的对象转换predict.textmodel_nb_fitted:

predict_model.textmodel_nb_fitted <- function(x, newdata, type, ...) {
  X <- corpus(newdata)
  X <- dfm_select(dfm(X), x$data$x)   
  res <- predict(x, newdata = X, ...)
  switch(
   type,
   raw = data.frame(Response = res$nb.predicted, stringsAsFactors = FALSE),
   prob = as.data.frame(res$posterior.prob, check.names = FALSE)
  )  
}

这给了我们

explanation <- lime::explain(train_raw[1:10, 1:5], 
                              explainer,
                              n_labels = 1,
                              n_features = 5,
                              cols = 2,
                              verbose = 0)
explanation[1, 1:5]
#       model_type case label label_prob    model_r2
# 1 classification    1 FALSE  0.9999986 0.001693861