将 Scrapy over Splash 与 HTTP 代理结合使用时出现“500 内部服务器错误”

我正在尝试使用 Splash （以渲染 JavaScript）和 Tor 通过 Privoxy （以提供匿名性）在 Docker 容器中爬行 Scrapy 蜘蛛。这里是docker-compose.yml我正在为此使用：

version: '3'

services:
  scraper:
    build: ./apk_splash
    # environment:
      # - http_proxy=http://tor-privoxy:8118
    links:
      - tor-privoxy
      - splash

  tor-privoxy:
    image: rdsubhas/tor-privoxy-alpine

  splash:
    image: scrapinghub/splash

其中 Scraper 有以下内容Dockerfile:

FROM python:alpine
RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl bash
RUN pip install scrapy scrapy-splash scrapy-fake-useragent
COPY . /scraper
WORKDIR /scraper
CMD ["scrapy", "crawl", "apkmirror"]

我试图爬行的蜘蛛是

import scrapy
from scrapy_splash import SplashRequest
from apk_splash.items import ApkmirrorItem

class ApkmirrorSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'apkmirror'
    allowed_domains = ['apkmirror.com']
    start_urls = [
        'http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/',
    ]

    custom_settings = {'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_5) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/59.0.3071.115 Safari/537.36'}

    def start_requests(self):
        for url in self.start_urls:
            yield SplashRequest(url=url, callback=self.parse, endpoint='render.html', args={'wait': 0.5})

    def parse(self, response):
        item = ApkmirrorItem()
        item['url'] = response.url
        item['developer'] = response.css('.breadcrumbs').xpath('.//*[re:test(@href, "^/(?:[^/]+/){1}[^/]+/$")]/text()').extract_first()
        item['app'] = response.css('.breadcrumbs').xpath('.//*[re:test(@href, "^/(?:[^/]+/){2}[^/]+/$")]/text()').extract_first()
        item['version'] = response.css('.breadcrumbs').xpath('.//*[re:test(@href, "^/(?:[^/]+/){3}[^/]+/$")]/text()').extract_first()
        yield item

我添加了以下内容settings.py:

SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100,
}

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
    'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
    'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
    'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
}

SPLASH_URL = 'http://splash:8050/'

DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'

随着environment为了scraper容器注释掉了，Scraper 或多或少可以工作。我收到包含以下内容的日志：

scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 13:57:19 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/ via http://splash:8050/render.html> (referer: None)
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 13:57:19 [scrapy.core.scraper] DEBUG: Scraped from <200 http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/>
scraper_1      | {'app': 'Androbench (Storage Benchmark)',
scraper_1      |  'developer': 'CSL@SKKU',
scraper_1      |  'url': 'http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/',
scraper_1      |  'version': '5.0'}
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 13:57:19 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 13:57:19 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
scraper_1      | {'downloader/request_bytes': 1508,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/request_count': 3,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 2,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/request_method_count/POST': 1,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_bytes': 190320,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_count': 3,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_status_count/200': 2,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_status_count/404': 1,
scraper_1      |  'finish_reason': 'finished',
scraper_1      |  'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 13, 57, 19, 488874),
scraper_1      |  'item_scraped_count': 1,
scraper_1      |  'log_count/DEBUG': 5,
scraper_1      |  'log_count/INFO': 7,
scraper_1      |  'memusage/max': 49131520,
scraper_1      |  'memusage/startup': 49131520,
scraper_1      |  'response_received_count': 3,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/dequeued': 2,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 2,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/enqueued': 2,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 2,
scraper_1      |  'splash/render.html/request_count': 1,
scraper_1      |  'splash/render.html/response_count/200': 1,
scraper_1      |  'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 13, 57, 13, 788850)}
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 13:57:19 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
apksplashcompose_scraper_1 exited with code 0

但是，如果我在environment行中的docker-compose.yml，我收到 500 内部服务器错误：

scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 14:05:07 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Gave up retrying <GET http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/ via http://splash:8050/render.html> (failed 3 times): 500 Internal Server Error
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 14:05:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (500) <GET http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/ via http://splash:8050/render.html> (referer: None)
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 14:05:07 [scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror] INFO: Ignoring response <500 http://www.apkmirror.com/apk/cslskku/androbench-storage-benchmark/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-release/androbench-storage-benchmark-5-0-android-apk-download/>: HTTP status code is not handled or not allowed
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 14:05:07 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 14:05:07 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
scraper_1      | {'downloader/request_bytes': 3898,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/request_count': 7,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 4,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/request_method_count/POST': 3,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_bytes': 6839,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_count': 7,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_status_count/200': 1,
scraper_1      |  'downloader/response_status_count/500': 6,
scraper_1      |  'finish_reason': 'finished',
scraper_1      |  'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 14, 5, 7, 866713),
scraper_1      |  'httperror/response_ignored_count': 1,
scraper_1      |  'httperror/response_ignored_status_count/500': 1,
scraper_1      |  'log_count/DEBUG': 10,
scraper_1      |  'log_count/INFO': 8,
scraper_1      |  'memusage/max': 49065984,
scraper_1      |  'memusage/startup': 49065984,
scraper_1      |  'response_received_count': 3,
scraper_1      |  'retry/count': 4,
scraper_1      |  'retry/max_reached': 2,
scraper_1      |  'retry/reason_count/500 Internal Server Error': 4,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/dequeued': 4,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 4,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/enqueued': 4,
scraper_1      |  'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 4,
scraper_1      |  'splash/render.html/request_count': 1,
scraper_1      |  'splash/render.html/response_count/500': 3,
scraper_1      |  'start_time': datetime.datetime(2017, 7, 11, 14, 4, 46, 717691)}
scraper_1      | 2017-07-11 14:05:07 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
apksplashcompose_scraper_1 exited with code 0

简而言之，当使用 Splash 渲染 JavaScript 时，我无法成功使用HttpProxy中间件以便也通过 Privoxy 使用 Tor。有人能看到这里出了什么问题吗？

Update

根据保罗的评论，我尝试改编splash服务如下：

  splash:
    image: scrapinghub/splash
    volumes:
      - ./splash/proxy-profiles:/etc/splash/proxy-profiles

我在主目录中添加了一个“splash”目录，如下所示：

.
├── apk_splash
├── docker-compose.yml
└── splash
    └── proxy-profiles
        └── proxy.ini

and proxy.ini reads

[proxy]

host=tor-privoxy
port=8118

据我了解，这应该使代理始终被使用（即whitelist默认为".*" and no blacklist).

然而，如果我再一次docker-compose build and docker-compose up，我仍然收到 HTTP 500 错误。那么问题来了，如何解决这些问题呢？

（顺便说一句，这个问题似乎类似于https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-splash/issues/117;但是，我没有使用 Crawlera，所以我不确定如何调整答案）。

Update 2

在保罗的第二条评论之后，我查了一下tor-privoxy通过执行以下操作在容器内解析（当它仍在运行时）：

~$ docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                      COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
04909e6ef5cb        apksplashcompose_scraper   "scrapy crawl apkm..."   2 hours ago         Up 8 seconds                            apksplashcompose_scraper_1
~$ docker exec -it $(docker ps -lq) /bin/bash
bash-4.3# python
Python 3.6.1 (default, Jun 19 2017, 23:58:41) 
[GCC 5.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import socket
>>> socket.gethostbyname('tor-privoxy')
'172.22.0.2'

至于我如何运行 Splash，它是通过链接的容器，类似于中描述的方式https://splash.readthedocs.io/en/stable/install.html#docker-folder-sharing。我已经验证过/etc/splash/proxy-profiles/proxy.ini存在于容器中：

~$ docker exec -it apksplashcompose_splash_1 /bin/bash
root@b091fbef4c78:/# cd /etc/splash/proxy-profiles
root@b091fbef4c78:/etc/splash/proxy-profiles# ls
proxy.ini
root@b091fbef4c78:/etc/splash/proxy-profiles# cat proxy.ini
[proxy]

host=tor-privoxy
port=8118

我会尝试Aquarium，但问题仍然是为什么当前设置不起作用？

遵循以下结构Aquarium项目建议保罗·特姆布斯，我发现给.ini文件命名是必须的default.ini, not proxy.ini（否则它不会被自动“拾取”）。我设法让刮刀以这种方式工作（参见我的自我回答如何在 Docker Compose 中通过 Privoxy 将 Scrapy 与 Splash 和 Tor 结合使用).