为什么 pytorch 中的正则化和临时代码不匹配？pytorch 中的正则化公式是什么？

我一直在尝试对 PyTorch 中的二元分类模型进行 L2 正则化，但是当我匹配 PyTorch 的结果和临时代码时，它不匹配， 火炬代码：

class LogisticRegression(nn.Module):
  def __init__(self,n_input_features):
    super(LogisticRegression,self).__init__()
    self.linear=nn.Linear(4,1)
    self.linear.weight.data.fill_(0.0)
    self.linear.bias.data.fill_(0.0)

  def forward(self,x):
    y_predicted=torch.sigmoid(self.linear(x))
    return y_predicted

model=LogisticRegression(4)

criterion=nn.BCELoss()
optimizer=torch.optim.SGD(model.parameters(),lr=0.05,weight_decay=0.1)
dataset=Data()
train_data=DataLoader(dataset=dataset,batch_size=1096,shuffle=False)

num_epochs=1000
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
  for x,y in train_data:
    y_pred=model(x)
    loss=criterion(y_pred,y)
    loss.backward()
    optimizer.step()
    optimizer.zero_grad()

暂存代码：

def sigmoid(z):
    s = 1/(1+ np.exp(-z))
    return s  

def yinfer(X, beta):
  return sigmoid(beta[0] + np.dot(X,beta[1:]))

def cost(X, Y, beta, lam):
    sum = 0
    sum1 = 0
    n = len(beta)
    m = len(Y)
    for i in range(m): 
        sum = sum + Y[i]*(np.log( yinfer(X[i],beta)))+ (1 -Y[i])*np.log(1-yinfer(X[i],beta))
    for i in range(0, n): 
        sum1 = sum1 + beta[i]**2
        
    return  (-sum + (lam/2) * sum1)/(1.0*m)

def pred(X,beta):
  if ( yinfer(X, beta) > 0.5):
    ypred = 1
  else :
    ypred = 0
  return ypred

beta = np.zeros(5)
iterations = 1000
arr_cost = np.zeros((iterations,4))
print(beta)
n = len(Y_train)
for i in range(iterations):
    Y_prediction_train=np.zeros(len(Y_train))
    Y_prediction_test=np.zeros(len(Y_test)) 

    for l in range(len(Y_train)):
        Y_prediction_train[l]=pred(X[l,:],beta)
    
    for l in range(len(Y_test)):
        Y_prediction_test[l]=pred(X_test[l,:],beta)
    
    train_acc = format(100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_train - Y_train)) * 100)
    test_acc = 100 - np.mean(np.abs(Y_prediction_test - Y_test)) * 100   
    arr_cost[i,:] = [i,cost(X,Y_train,beta,lam),train_acc,test_acc]
    temp_beta = np.zeros(len(beta))

    ''' main code from below '''

    for j in range(n): 
        temp_beta[0] = temp_beta[0] + yinfer(X[j,:], beta) - Y_train[j]
        temp_beta[1:] = temp_beta[1:] + (yinfer(X[j,:], beta) - Y_train[j])*X[j,:]
    
    for k in range(0, len(beta)):
        temp_beta[k] = temp_beta[k] +  lam * beta[k]  #regularization here
    
    temp_beta= temp_beta / (1.0*n)
    
    beta = beta - alpha*temp_beta

损失图 https://i.stack.imgur.com/3ubJI.png

训练准确率图 https://i.stack.imgur.com/PwN1e.png

测试准确度图 https://i.stack.imgur.com/SPJn3.png

有人可以告诉我为什么会发生这种情况吗？ L2值=0.1

很好的问题。我挖掘了很多PyTorch文档并找到了答案。答案很tricky。基本上有two计算方法正则化。 （夏季跳转到最后一部分）。

The PyTorch使用第一种（其中正则化因子不除以批量大小）。

这是一个示例代码，它演示了：

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
import numpy as np
import torch.optim as optim
 
class model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.linear = nn.Linear(1, 1)
        self.linear.weight.data.fill_(1.0)
        self.linear.bias.data.fill_(1.0)

    def forward(self, x):
        return self.linear(x)


model     = model()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.1, weight_decay=1.0)

input     = torch.tensor([[2], [4]], dtype=torch.float32)
target    = torch.tensor([[7], [11]], dtype=torch.float32)

optimizer.zero_grad()
pred      = model(input)
loss      = F.mse_loss(pred, target)

print(f'input: {input[0].data, input[1].data}')
print(f'prediction: {pred[0].data, pred[1].data}')
print(f'target: {target[0].data, target[1].data}')

print(f'\nMSEloss: {loss.item()}\n')

loss.backward()

print('Before updation:')
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------')
print(f'weight [data, gradient]: {model.linear.weight.data, model.linear.weight.grad}')
print(f'bias [data, gradient]: {model.linear.bias.data, model.linear.bias.grad}')
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------')
 
optimizer.step()

print('After updation:')
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------')
print(f'weight [data]: {model.linear.weight.data}')
print(f'bias [data]: {model.linear.bias.data}')
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------')

which outputs:

input: (tensor([2.]), tensor([4.]))
prediction: (tensor([3.]), tensor([5.]))
target: (tensor([7.]), tensor([11.]))

MSEloss: 26.0

Before updation:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
weight [data, gradient]: (tensor([[1.]]), tensor([[-32.]]))
bias [data, gradient]: (tensor([1.]), tensor([-10.]))
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
After updation:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
weight [data]: tensor([[4.1000]])
bias [data]: tensor([1.9000])
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Here m = 批量大小 = 2，lr = alpha = 0.1，lambda = Weight_decay = 1.

现在考虑张量weight其中有值 = 1 且等级 = -32

情况1（类型1正则化）：

 weight = weight - lr(grad + weight_decay.weight)
 weight = 1 - 0.1(-32 + 1(1))
 weight = 4.1

case2（类型2正则化）：

 weight = weight - lr(grad + (weight_decay/batch size).weight)
 weight = 1 - 0.1(-32 + (1/2)(1))
 weight = 4.15

来自output我们可以看到更新了重量 = 4.1000。至此结束PyTorch uses type1正则化。

所以最后在你的代码中你遵循type2正则化。所以只需将最后几行更改为：

# for k in range(0, len(beta)):
#    temp_beta[k] = temp_beta[k] +  lam * beta[k]  #regularization here

temp_beta= temp_beta / (1.0*n)

beta = beta - alpha*(temp_beta + lam * beta)

还有 PyTorchloss功能doesn't包括正则化项（在内部实现优化器）所以也删除正则化您的自定义中的条款cost功能。

总之：

1. Pytorch用这个正则化功能：

2. 正则化是在里面实现的优化器（权重衰减参数）。

3. PyTorch 损失功能doesn't包括正则化项。

4. Bias也是正则化的如果使用正则化。

5. 要使用正则化，请尝试：

   torch.nn.optim.optimiser_name(model.parameters(),lr,weight_decay=lambda).