并行调用 API，每分钟有硬性限制

我正在尝试对 API 进行并行调用。在停止之前，API 的调用限制为每分钟 1,200 次。在低于限制的情况下异步最有效的方法是什么？

def remove_html_tags(text):
    """Remove html tags from a string"""
    import re
    clean = re.compile('<.*?>')
    return re.sub(clean, ' ', text)

async def getRez(df, url):
async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        auth = aiohttp.BasicAuth('username',pwd)


        r = await session.get(url, auth=auth)


        if r.status == 200:
            content = await r.text()
            text = remove_html_tags(str(content))

        else:
            text = '500 Server Error'
        df.loc[df['url'] == url, ['RezText']] = [[text]]
        df['wordCount'] = df['RezText'].apply(lambda x: len(str(x).split(" ")))
        data = df[df["RezText"] != "500 Server Error"]


async def main(df):
    df['RezText'] = None
    await asyncio.gather(*[getRez(df, url) for url in df['url']])

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(main(data))

1200每分钟呼叫次数等于20每秒调用一次，这样您就可以将请求分成batches20 并在批次之间休眠一秒钟。

另一种选择是使用aiohttp.TCPConnector(limit=20)对于客户端会话，但这仅限制了数量并发请求，因此您最终可能会执行更多请求（如果 API 响应速度快于一秒）或更少请求（如果 API 响应速度慢于一秒）；看this https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61774125/aiohttp-set-number-of-requests-per-second相关问题。

批量示例：

# python 3.7+
import aiohttp
import asyncio

async def fetch(session, url):
    data = None
    async with session.get(url) as response:
        if response.status != 200:
            text = await response.text()
            print("cannot retrieve %s: status: %d, reason: %s" % (url, response.status, text))
        else :
            data = await response.json()
    return data

async def main(n):
    print("starting")
    session = aiohttp.ClientSession()
    tasks = []
    batch = []
    for i in range(n):
        batch.append("http://httpbin.org/anything?key=a%d" % i)
        if len(batch) >= 20:
            print("issuing batch %d:%d" % (i-20+1, i+1))
            for url in batch:
                task = asyncio.create_task(fetch(session, url))
                tasks.append(task)
            batch = []
            await asyncio.sleep(1)
    if batch:  # if batch length does not divide n evenly consume last batch
        print("issuing last batch %d:%d" % (n-len(batch), n))
        for url in batch:
            task = asyncio.create_task(fetch(session, url))
            tasks.append(fetch(session, url))
    responses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
    await session.close()
    for response in responses:
        assert "args" in response
        # note that the responses will be in the order in which the requests were made
    print("finished")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(main(111))

Output

starting
issuing batch 0:20
issuing batch 20:40
issuing batch 40:60
issuing batch 60:80
issuing batch 80:100
issuing last batch 100:111
finished

这里重要的一点是asyncio.create_task（创建一个任务并启动它，返回一个任务对象），await asyncio.sleep(1)（用于限制请求）和await asyncio.gather（等待所有任务完成运行）。
对于 Python asyncio.ensure_future代替asyncio.create_task.